地铁隧道涌水涌砂诱发地面塌陷的大型模型试验研究  

Large⁃scale model experiment of ground collapse induced by water and sand gushing in subway tunnels

作　　者：陈帆 王迎超[1,3] 郑顺华[1] Chen Fan;Wang Yingchao;Zhen Shunhua(State Key Laboratory for Geomechnics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [2]河南理工大学,河南焦作454000 [3]中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《土木工程学报》2023年第11期174-183,共10页China Civil Engineering Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42272313);岩土力学与工程国家重点实验室开放基金(Z020014);徐州市重点研发计划(社会发展)(KC18219)。

摘　　要：为研究地铁隧道涌水涌砂诱发地面塌陷的发生机理,研制水渗流作用下隧道大型模型试验系统,以青岛黄岛区地铁涌水涌砂灾害为例,再现了地铁隧道涌水涌砂诱发地面塌陷的灾害演化发生过程,进一步揭示涌水涌砂诱发地面塌陷的发生机理,在此基础上基于椭圆理论建立涌水涌砂过程中地面最大沉降值的理论预测公式。研究结果表明,地表变形与涌水涌砂具有良好的相关性和滞后性。在涌水涌砂诱发地面沉降过程中,地表变形将经历缓慢变形、急剧变形、地面坍塌3个阶段。地表缓慢变形阶段,灾害影响范围内地表位移缓慢增加,土体土压力及黏土层内测点渗压基本保持不变,而涌水点附近渗压在动水压力作用下逐渐升高。地表急剧变形阶段,土压力和地表位移急剧增加,涌水点附近渗压呈断崖式衰减,而黏土层内测点渗压快速增加,均具有显著的土体塌陷前兆信息,也反映土体塌陷灾害的瞬时特征。地面塌陷阶段,地表变形、土体土压力、涌水点附近渗压基本保持不变。地铁隧道涌水涌砂诱发地面塌陷模型试验研究结果对类似工程防治具有一定的指导意义。To study the mechanism of ground collapse induced by water and sand gushing in subway tunnels,a large⁃scale model test system which may simulate the action of water seepage in tunnel is developed.With Qingdao Huangdao station with the water and sand gushing taken as an example,the evolution process of ground collapse induced by water and sand gushing in this subway tunnel is reproduced,and the corresponding mechanism of ground collapse is further revealed.The research results indicate that there is a close correlation and hysteresis between ground deformation and sand inflow.In the early stage of water and sand gushing,the ground surface deformation increases slowly,the soil pressure and seepage pressure of clay are basically unchanged,and the seepage pressure near water gushing point increases gradually.In the middle stage of water and sand inrush,the soil pressure and ground surface deformation increase sharply,while the seepage pressure near water inrush point decreases steeply,while the seepage pressure of clay increases rapidly,which not only provides evident precursor information of soil collapse but also reflects the instantaneous characteristics of soil collapse.In the later stage of water and sand gushing,the ground surface deformation,soil pressure and seepage pressure near water gushing point remain relatively stable.During the process of water and sand gushing,the variation law of deep soil displacement is similar to that of ground deformation.The results of the model test for ground collapse induced by water and sand inflow may provide guidance for the prevention and control of similar projects.

关 键 词：地铁隧道 涌水涌砂 地面塌陷 灾害演化 模型试验 

分 类 号：TU441[建筑科学—岩土工程]