检察不起诉听证实证研究——基于41896份检察文书的分析  

An Empirical Study of the Prosecutorial Hearing System——Focusing on Non-prosecution Hearings

作　　者：路旸 LU Yang(Institute of Litigation Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期152-161,共10页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“深化司法体制改革研究”(18VSJ079);中国博士后基金面上资助项目“深化检察机关司法体制改革的理论基础研究”(2023M733910)。

摘　　要：检察听证制度蕴含司法民主与决策科学化等多重价值,但在实践中却普遍存在适用率低、“凑数听证”与“未听先定”等现象。通过收集2021年以来全国范围内41896份不起诉决定书样本进行分析,可以发现:检察官在适用听证时并未完全遵循法定要求,其中回避具有争议性的案件是造成听证形式化的主要原因;检察官重视听证程序对于案件信息公开的价值,而较为忽视其保障诉权与查明事实的功能;相较于轻罪案件,检察官在重罪案件中适用听证的意愿较低;在人案矛盾缓和、司法经费充裕与信息化程度较高的地区,听证的适用率较高。从规范主义视角出发,规范执行的偏离容易造成听证制度定位的模糊化,同时抑制其司法民主功能的展开。应当通过构建听证案件过滤机制、改进听证功能实现形式、完善听证经费与信息化保障等方式,渐进式推动“应听证尽听证”改革目标的实现。Procuratorial hearings system embodies multiple values,including judicial democracy and scientific decision-making,but in practice it has such problems as a low application rate,a“make-do hearing”and a“decision before hearing”.By analyzing a sample of 41896 non-prosecution decisions nationwide since 2021,it is found that:prosecutors do not fully comply with the statutory requirements when applying hearings,and avoiding controversial cases is the main reason for the formalization of hearings;prosecutors attach importance to the value of hearing procedures for case information disclosure,while neglecting its function of safeguarding the right to sue and ascertaining the facts;prosecutors are less willing to apply hearings in felony cases than in misdemeanor cases;the application rate of hearings is higher in regions with less conflict between people and cases,sufficient judicial funding and higher information technology.From a normativist perspective,deviations from normative implementation tend to blur the positioning of the hearing system,while inhibiting the development of its judicial democratic function.It is necessary to construct a filtering mechanism for hearing cases,improve the form of hearing function,improve the hearing funds and information security,etc.,and gradually promote the realization of the reform goal of“hearing should be heard as much as possible”.

关 键 词：检察听证 不起诉 司法民主 决策科学化 争议性案件 

分 类 号：DF718[政治法律—诉讼法学]