2016—2017年中国6~23月龄婴幼儿喂养状况  

Status of infant and young child feeding in China in 2016-2017

作　　者：王玉英 于冬梅 段一凡 郭齐雅 庞学红 许晓丽 王杰 毕烨 杨振宇 赵丽云 Wang Yuying;Yu Dongmei;Duan Yifan;Guo Qiya;Pang Xuehong;Xu Xiaoli;Wang Jie;Bi Ye;Yang Zhenyu;Zhao Liyun(National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2023年第5期691-697,共7页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家重大公共卫生服务项目[中国儿童与乳母营养健康监测(2016—2017年)]。

摘　　要：目的描述中国6~23月龄婴幼儿的喂养状况及其相关因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取31个省(自治区、直辖市)275个监测点6~23月龄儿童20423名,根据世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会2021年更新的婴幼儿喂养评价指标体系,分析了6~23月龄儿童的辅食添加率、最低膳食多样性、最低膳食摄入频率和最低可接受膳食等。结果采用2010年国家统计局的人口数据进行复杂加权计算,利用Rao-Scott修饰权重的卡方检验进行不同性别、地区、月龄组儿童之间的统计学差异检验。结果2016—2017年中国6~8月龄儿童辅食添加率是83.2%(95%CI 80.5%~85.9%),性别间差异无统计学意义,不同地区儿童辅食添加的差异有统计学意义(Rao-Scottχ^(2)=30.85,P<0.01),中小城市儿童达到90.3%,而贫困农村儿童为75.0%。中国6~23月龄儿童达到最低膳食多样化的比例是60.6%(95%CI 58.1%~63.1%),中小城市儿童达到71.1%,而最低的贫困农村儿童为50.5%;八类食物中除了母乳以外,蛋类(34.4%,95%CI 32.1%~36.6%)、豆类(19.0%,95%CI 17.4%~20.7%)摄入的比例较低,谷类、根茎类富含维生素A的蔬菜水果为89.7%(95%CI 88.4%~91.1%)。蛋及或肉类的消费比例是76.4%(95%CI 74.2%~78.7%),未摄入蔬菜和水果的比例是9.1%(95%CI 7.8%~10.4%)。中国6~23月龄儿童达到最低膳食摄入频率的比例是72.4%(95%CI 70.1%~74.7%),大城市、中小城市和一般农村儿童均在70%以上,贫困农村儿童为60.2%;最低可接受膳食的比例是43.4%(95%CI 40.7%~46.1%),城市儿童达到50%以上,而农村儿童低于40%,贫困农村儿童为30.1%。最低膳食多样化、最低膳食摄入频率和最低可接受膳食三个指标在不同性别之间差异均无统计学意义,城市和农村、不同月龄儿童的差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论2016—2017年中国6~23月龄儿童喂养状况无性别差异,辅食添加比较及时,儿童最低膳食多样化和膳食摄入频率相对理想,但贫困农OBJECTIVE To describe the feeding status and related factors of infant and young child aged 6-23 months in China.METHODS Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance among 0-17 Years Old Children and Lactating Women in 2016-2017,and 20423 children aged 6-23 months were involved in 275 surveillance sites from 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities).The introduction of solid,semi-solid or soft foods,minimum dietary diversity,minimum meal frequency were analyzed with WHO and UNICEF 2021 updated infant and young child feeding indicators.Data analyses were conducted using the complex weight based on national census from National Bureau of Statistics in 2010.Rao-Scott Chi-square was used test for statistical difference.RESULTS The percentage of infants 6-8 months of age who consumed solid,semi-solid or soft foods was 83.2%(95%CI 80.5%-85.9%)in 2016-2017.No significant difference were observed between boys and girls;there was significant difference in different areas(Rao-Scottχ^(2)=30.85,P<0.01),it was 90.3%in medium and small cities,and reached 75.0%even in poor rural areas.The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum dietary diversity(MDD)was 60.6%(95%CI 58.1%-63.1%).It was 71.1%in medium and small cities,and 50.5%in poor rural areas.Except for breast milk,the percentage of eggs(34.4%)and legumes(19.0%)consumption was low,the percentage of grains,vitamin A-rich fruits or vegetables consumption was 89.7%(95%CI 88.4%-91.1%).The percentage of consuming egg and/or flesh food was 76.4%(95%CI 74.2%-78.7%).The percentage of zero vegetables or fruits consumption was 9.1%(95%CI 7.8%-10.4%).The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum meal frequency(MMF)was 72.4%(95%CI 70.1%-74.7%).It was over 70%in large cities,medium and small cities,general rural areas;and 60.2%in poor rural areas.The proportions of children aged 6-23 months meeting minimum acceptable diet was 43.4%(95%CI 40.7%-46.1%),it was over 50%in urban areas,and less than 40%in rural areas,30.1%in poor rural are

关 键 词：婴幼儿喂养 辅食添加 最低膳食多样化 最低膳食摄入频率 最低可接受膳食 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]