三史中“目”的动词用法与语义解释  

Mu(目)Used as A Verb in the Three Historical Texts and Its Semantic Explanation

作　　者：梁琪 邹哲承 LIANG Qi;ZOU Zhe-cheng(School of Literature and Law,Wuchang University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]武昌理工学院文法学院,武汉430223

出　　处：《语言研究》2023年第4期51-56,共6页Studies in Language and Linguistics

摘　　要：“范增数目项王”中的“目”,至少1960年以来的古汉语教材常常认为是“名词活用作动词”。另外,类似的句子有的源于《史记》,有的源于《后汉书》,加上《汉书》(前人合称三史)。所以为了还其真面目,收集整理三史中“目”的动词用法,结论是:从句法分布的角度看,“目”出现于多种动词谓语槽中;找到29个例证,可认定为动词,而不承认教学领域普遍流行的“名词活用作动词”说;从语义的角度分析,“目”不是简单的解释为“看”,或是依据某种语境的随文释义,而是给出不脱离语境又超越各种语境的意义:用异于常态的眼光看。According to the information provided,it is commonly believed in ancient Chinese textbooks since at least 1960 that the character Mu(目)in the phrase“范增数目项王”is a“noun used as a verb”.However,based on a comprehensive review of its usage in the three historical texts,the Shiji(史记),Hanshu(汉书),and Houhanshu(后汉书),it can be concluded that it appears in 29 verb phrases.Therefore,it cannot be simply classified as a“noun used as a verb”.From a semantic perspective,the character Mu(目)cannot be simply explained as“looking”or determined by its contextual meanings,but rather,it has a unique meaning that transcends various contexts:to use an abnormal gaze to observe.

关 键 词：名词 动词 词类活用 语义解释 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]