以洪堡特语言哲学试析清代语言哲学转向  

Analysis of the Turn of Language Philosophy in Qing Dynasty Based on Humboldt's Linguistic Philosophy

作　　者：李帆 段满福[1] Li Fan;Duan Manfu(Foreign Languages College,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学外国语学院

出　　处：《文化软实力研究》2023年第5期71-80,共10页Studies on Cultural Soft Power

摘　　要：学者们对于清代学术的发展认识,以训诂学为主,称赞清学的考证功夫。与此相反,对于清代的哲学评价较低,乐观的评价是认为清代哲学发展缓慢,更多学者则认为清代少有哲学或者没有哲学。不过,2022年以来,对清代哲学不同学者从不同的角度进行了再分析,开始强调清代哲学的存在以及重要性。本文以清学表现出的语言哲学气质,来进行清学的哲学思考。文章分为四部分,首先简要讨论清学必然要涉及的历史:宋学以及宋学后期的发展,奠定了清学训诂诠释的治学特征。第二部分对清学的训诂诠释做概述:清学并不是对于汉唐训诂诠释学的延续,清学的治学道路最终归结到义理,也不单单是对于宋学义理的继承,清学的训诂学是以文字为出发点进行的深刻思考。第三部分对语言哲学进行简单的说明,并在分类繁多的语言哲学学派中,选取洪堡特语言哲学,作为清学语言哲学转向的对象。最后浅析清学语言哲学转向下,清学中对于时间性、传承性､民族性的认识。清学语言哲学的转向,是历史造成的必然结果,是清学本身的学术自觉,对当代研究也有着很大的意义。文章用外来的语言哲学体系进行分析,是对于清代哲学有语言哲学气质的说明。清学的语言哲学自身如何结构,是对中国哲学而言有待探索的领域。Scholars'understanding of the development of Qing academics is dominated by exegesis,praising Qing academics for their efforts in verification.In contrast,the philosophy of the Qing dynasty was less well reviewed,with some optimistic comments that the development of philosophy in the Qing dynasty was in slow motion,while more scholars thought that there was little or no philosophy in the Qing dynasty.However,before 2022,different scholars have re-analysed the philosophy of the Qing dynasty from all-dimension perspectives and started to emphasise the existence and importance of philosophy in the Qing dynasty.This article is based on the philosophical temperament of language exhibited by Qing studies to reflect on Qing studies philosophically.The article is divided into four sections,of which the first is a brief discussion of the history that Qing studies must necessarily involve with,as well as Song studies and the late development of it,which has laid down the characteristics of the exegetical and the governance of Qing exegetical hermeneutic studies.The second part gives an overview of the exegetical interpretation of the Qing studies:it is not a continuation of the Han and Tang exegetical hermeneutics.The path of the Qing studies governance ultimately boils down to the doctrine of righteousness,which is not only inherited from the Song studies,but also a profound reflection on the exegesis of the Qing studies,taking the text as a point of departure.In the third section,the philosophy of language is briefly explained,and the Humboldtian linguistic philosophy is chosen as the object of the turn to the philosophy of language of the Qing studies among the various linguistic philosophy schools.Lastly,it analyses the understanding of temporality,inheritance,and ethnicity in Qing studies under the Qing philosophical turn in languages,which is the inevitable result of history,the academic self-consciousness of the Qing studies itself,and of great significance to contemporary research.The article makes analysis via for

关 键 词：清学 训诂学 洪堡特语言哲学 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] H0-05[历史地理—中国史] H13[语言文字—语言学]