花生青枯病及其土壤微生态调控研究进展  

Research progress of bacterial wilt and its soil micro-ecological regulation in peanut

作　　者：方向阳 禹桃兵 杨磊 臧华栋[1] 曾昭海[1] 杨亚东[1] FANG Xiangyang;YU Taobing;YANG Lei;ZANG Huadong;ZENG Zhaohai;YANG Yadong(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2023年第11期1695-1707,共13页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2300803);国家自然科学基金项目(31901470,31671640)资助。

摘　　要：由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的青枯病是世界范围内广泛传播、危害严重且难以防治的毁灭性土传病害之一。花生是我国重要的油料和经济作物,也是青枯病危害严重的作物之一。近年来,连续种植导致花生青枯病发生进一步加剧,严重威胁了花生产业的发展。本文以花生青枯病的危害及其土壤微生态调控为切入点,梳理了花生青枯病的发生现状、病原菌概况、发生条件与作用机制以及主要危害与防治措施等。首先,对茄科雷尔氏菌的分类方法和致病机理进行了系统、完整地梳理,总结了茄科雷尔氏菌的4种主流分类方法,并绘制了其发病机制图解。其次,我们重点从土壤微环境、土壤微生物两个方面分析了花生连作和青枯病发病土壤区系特征,并提出相应的土壤微生态调控对策,包括调控土壤理化性质、调控土壤养分、施用化学与生物农药、引入生防菌株等。最后,我们对基于土壤微生态调控的花生青枯病可持续防治进行展望,旨在为花生青枯病防治及花生产业的高质量发展提供参考。Bacterial wilt,caused by Ralstonia solanacearum,is a destructive soil-borne disease that is present worldwide.It is wide spread,extremely harmful,and difficult to control.Peanut is an important oil source and cash crop in China,and it has been seriously damaged by bacterial wilt.In recent years,the damage of peanut caused by bacterial wilt has been further aggravated by continuous cropping,which seriously threatens the development of the peanut industry.In this review,we considered the harm caused by bacterial wilt in peanuts,its soil micro-ecological characteristics,and control methods as the starting point;and summarized the occurrence,pathogenic bacteria,pathogenesis,and control measures of bacterial wilt in peanuts.First,we systematically and comprehensively summarized four classification methods for R.solanacearum and concluded the pathogenesis of bacterial wilt in peanuts.Second,based on the common soil characteristics of continuous cropping and bacterial wilt in peanuts,we analyzed the soil microenvironment and microorganisms and proposed corresponding soil micro-ecological regulation countermeasures,including soil physicochemical property regulation,soil nutrient regulation,chemical and biological pesticide addition,and use of biocontrol strains.Finally,we presented prospects for the sustainable control of bacterial wilt in peanuts based on soil micro-ecological regulations,aiming to provide references for the control of bacterial wilt in peanuts and high-quality development of the peanut industry.

关 键 词：连作障碍 花生青枯病 茄科雷尔氏菌 土壤微生态 可持续发展 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]