水源性致病微生物检测中水样前处理方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Pretreatment Methods for Water Samples in Determination of Waterborne Pathogenic Microorganisms

作　　者：吴妍 张晓[1] 张良 张岚 WU Yan;ZHANG Xiao;ZHANG Liang;ZHANG Lan(National Institute of Environmental Health,China CDC,National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,北京100050

出　　处：《净水技术》2023年第11期8-17,共10页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划:长江、黄河流域高风险致病微生物筛查与可处理性研究(2021YFC3200805-5)。

摘　　要：水中的微生物水平(细菌、病毒、原虫等)是衡量水质安全的重要指标,水源性致病微生物通过饮水和直接接触等途径感染人体,存在传播各类疾病的风险,关乎人群生命健康。由于致病微生物在环境水体中通常以较低浓度存在,在检测过程中均需先对水样进行前处理将其浓缩成较小的体积。文中介绍了可用于水体中致病微生物富集浓缩的富集培养、离心、过滤和磁性分离等前处理方法的研究进展,讨论了不同前处理方法的优缺点和适用范围,以实现水体中致病微生物的准确检测,真实反映致病微生物在水体中的赋存状况,为水体中致病微生物分析检测和风险控制提供技术支撑。如离心和过滤适用范围广泛,适用于水源性致病微生物的非特异性富集,富集培养和磁性分离特异性较强,更适用于水源性致病微生物的特异性富集。The level of microorganisms(bacteria,viruses,protozoa,etc.)in water is an important index of water safety,and waterborne pathogenic microorganisms infect the human body through drinking water and direct contact,and there is a risk of transmitting various diseases,which is related to the life and health of the population.Since pathogenic microorganisms are usually present at low concentrations in environmental waters,pretreatment of water samples to concentrate them into smaller volumes is required in the testing process.This paper introduces the research progress of pretreatment methods such as culture enrichment,centrifugation,filtration and magnetic separation that can be used to enrich and concentrate pathogenic microorganisms in water bodies,and discusses the advantages,disadvantages and scope of application of different pretreatment methods,so as to achieve accurate detection of pathogenic microorganisms in water,truly reflect the occurrence status of pathogenic microorganisms in water,and provide technical support for the analysis and detection and risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in water.For example,centrifugation and filtration are widely applicable to the non-specific enrichment of pathogenic microorganisms in water,while the enrichment culture and magnetic separation have a higher degree of specificity,which are more applicable to the specific enrichment of pathogenic microorganisms in water bodies.

关 键 词：致病微生物 富集培养 离心 过滤 磁性分离 水体 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]