论事故调查报告的刑事证明风险及其化解  

On the Criminal Probative Risks of an Accident Investigation Reports and Its Resolution

作　　者：王子彧 Wang Ziyu

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2023年第6期95-110,共16页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：事故调查报告的刑事证明风险意指其作为一种新型刑事证据,存在的非真实或称不可靠之可能性,并以非必然性、小概率性及高危害性为其典型特征。事故调查报告分别以行政性和专门性为形式和实质属性,此复合性证据属性乃其刑事证明风险之起因。事故调查报告易引发叠变性的刑事证明风险,具体表现为行政认定对司法审查的褫夺与取代和专门知识对法官认知的压制与支配。为化解事故调查报告的刑事证明风险,在程序性规定层面,于行政执法场域,需以调查主体的中立性和专业性为中心点完善有关行政法律法规,以保障报告的形式可靠性。于刑事司法场域,则需确保并实现当事人质证权,规定有关人员的出庭作证义务及专家辅助人的诉讼参与,以保障报告的证据内容为实质可靠。The criminal probative risk of an accident investigation report refers to the possibility of its being untrue or unreliable as a new type of criminal evidence,characterized by its non-deterministic nature,low probability,and high potential harm.Accident investigation reports are administrative and specialized in form and substance,respectively,and this composite evidentiary attribute is the cause of their criminal probative risks.The investigation report of accidents is prone to trigger the criminal probative risk of cascade changes,which are manifested by the deprivation and replacement of judicial review by administrative determinations,and the oppression and domination of judicial cognition by specialized knowledge.To mitigate the criminal probative risk of the accident accident investigation report,at the procedural level in the realm of administrative law enforcement,it is necessary to improve relevant administrative laws and regulations with the focus on the neutrality and professionalism of the investigating body,in order to ensure the reliability of the report's form.In the realm of criminal justice,it is necessary to guarantee and fulfill the defendant's right to cross-examination,stipulate the obligation of relevant personnel to testify in court,and involve expert assistants in litigation participation,in order to ensure the substantive reliability of the report's evidentiary content.

关 键 词：事故调查报告 行政认定 专门性证据 刑事证明风险 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]