人民法院发回仲裁程序的反思与重构  

On the Proper Procedural Mode of Remitting an Arbitration Award by Court

作　　者：马家曦 Ma Jiaxi

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2023年第6期111-125,共15页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“国家治理体系中民事执行现代化研究”(20&ZD195)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：发回仲裁可以减轻当事人另行起诉或仲裁的程序负担,缓解司法压力。但在现行立法中,发回仲裁并未针对需要纠正的程序瑕疵,而是指向伪证及隐瞒证据;其所谓的“自纠”导致仲裁未经撤销而就已决事项重复仲裁,亦与仲裁裁决的终局性、既判力相悖;通知并等待仲裁机构表态才能终结或恢复撤销程序,则招致程序的迟延。究其原因,《联合国国际商事仲裁示范法》的国内法转化应当符合本国实际,等待仲裁机构自纠源于英国普通法规则中的“发回仲裁”规则,简单移植将与大陆法系法理扞格。立法建议为,只要局部瑕疵未从根本上影响仲裁程序的合法性,发回仲裁较另行仲裁或诉讼更符合程序经济,法院应当合并裁定,即通过撤销裁定的形成力恢复仲裁程序。同时,撤销裁定使原本已经被终局仲裁裁决消耗的仲裁协议复苏,为仲裁的恢复奠定了协议基础。Remit of arbitration award could avoid another litigation or arbitration for both parties as well as the court,but its application by Chinese court’s judicial interpretation is not suitable for the purpose of current legislation.The so-called“self correction”model leads to repeated arbitration on already decided disputes without a revocation of final arbitration award,violating the rule about res judicata.Besides that,this model has also caused a lot of delay of procedure in legal practice,when the court has to suspend its procedure and wait for the arbitration tribunal to determine whether or not to resume arbitration after sending the notice of remit.Until then,the court can't use its power of setting aside.Because“UNCITRAL”model originates from the common law rules of the UK,its simple transplantation will be difficult to reconcile with the legal principles of the continental legal system,a transformation of the Model Law into national law should be in line with domestic status.In the future,instead of suspending,when partial procedure defects do not fundamentally affect the arbitration,and a remit is proved to be more economical than another arbitration or litigation,a combined judgment has to be made,so the arbitral procedure can be resumed by formative force.After setting aside the arbitral award,the arbitration agreement which had already been consumed by the final arbitral award is revived as a contractual foundation for arbitration.

关 键 词：发回仲裁 撤销仲裁裁决 既判力 仲裁协议 

分 类 号：D925.7[政治法律—诉讼法学] D997.4[政治法律—法学]