国六重型车实际道路上污染物和温室气体排放特性研究  

Research on Characteristics of On-Road Pollutant and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from China-ⅥHeavy-Duty Vehicles

作　　者：葛蕴珊[1] 吕立群 岳崇会 高翠 王军方[3] 尹航[3] GE Yunshan;LÜLiqun;YUE Chonghui;GAO Cui;WANG Junfang;YIN Hang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Weichai Power Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261061,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]潍柴动力股份有限公司,山东潍坊261061 [3]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2023年第11期2118-2125,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3701802);青海省科技厅重大专项(2019-GX-A6);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.52272342)。

摘　　要：重型车实际道路温室气体(GHG)排放控制势在必行,为获取国六重型车温室气体(CO_(2)、N_(2)O、CH_(4))和常规污染物(NO_(x)、CO、NH_(3))实际道路排放特征,本研究选取了5辆典型国六重型柴油车和重型天然气(LNG)车,在实际道路上按车载排放测试要求开展了多次实际道路排放试验.结果表明:国六重型车CO_(2)排放量随发动机负荷的提高呈降低趋势,柴油车和LNG车高速工况下CO_(2)比排放相较市区工况最高分别可降低23.55%和25.80%.LNG车CO_(2)比排放显著低于柴油车,市区、市郊和高速行驶工况下CO_(2)比排放降幅分别为15.68%、21.58%和12.17%,表明LNG车相较柴油车具有显著的CO_(2)减排优势.LNG车CH_(4)排放量显著高于柴油车,CH_(4)比排放为750.75~1915.08 mg/(kW·h);相反,柴油车N_(2)O排放量高于LNG车,这与柴油车采取选择性催化还原(SCR)后处理技术控制NO_(x)排放有关.考虑到CH_(4)和N_(2)O较CO_(2)具有更强的温室气体效应,因此应当重视国六重型车N_(2)O和CH_(4)的实际道路排放.柴油车和LNG车采取的不同技术路线均能有效控制NO_(x)排放,柴油车CO比排放远低于国六限值要求,而LNG车CO排放控制已近失效.此外,柴油车可有效控制实际道路NH_(3)排放,但LNG车NH_(3)比排放为431.92~1286.45 mg/(kW·h),采取有效措施保证空燃比闭环精度是减少LNG车CO和NH_(3)排放的前提.虽然LNG车相较柴油车具有CO_(2)减排优势,但二者的温室效应强度相当.考虑到LNG车NO_(x)和NH_(3)的实际道路排放显著高于柴油车,而NO_(x)和NH_(3)是大气中臭氧和二次气溶胶的重要前体物,因此将国六重型柴油车替换为国六重型LNG车并非合理选择,也不利于大气环境的臭氧和颗粒物治理.Controlling on-road greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions from heavy-duty vehicles is imperative.In order to study the on-road emission characteristics of GHG(CO_(2),N_(2)O,CH_(4))and regulated emissions(NO_(x),CO,NH_(3))from China-Ⅵheavy-duty vehicles,five typical China-Ⅵheavy-duty diesel and heavy-duty liquid natural gas(LNG)vehicles were selected to conduct on-road emission tests according to the on-road emission test protocol of China-Ⅵemission regulation.The results show that the CO_(2)emissions of China-Ⅵheavy-duty vehicles decreased with the increased engine load.The CO_(2)-specific emissions of diesel and LNG vehicles under highway conditions were reduced by 23.55%and 25.80%,respectively,compared with the urban condition.The CO_(2)-specific emissions of LNG vehicles were significantly lower than those of diesel vehicles.The CO_(2)emissions from LNG vehicles have decreased by 15.68%,21.58%and 12.17%under urban,suburb,and motorway driving conditions,respectively,indicating that LNG vehicles have significant CO_(2)emission reduction advantages compared to diesel vehicles.The CH_(4)emissions of LNG vehicles were significantly higher than those of diesel vehicles,with CH_(4)-specific emissions ranging from 750.75 mg/(kW·h)to 1915.08 mg/(kW·h).On the contrary,the N_(2)O emissions of diesel vehicles were higher than those of LNG vehicles,which is related to the adoption of the selected catalytic reduction(SCR)system to control NO_(x)emissions.Considering the significant GHG effects of CH_(4)and N_(2)O,attention should be paid to the N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions of China-Ⅵheavy-duty vehicles.Different technical routes taken by diesel vehicles and LNG vehicles can effectively control NO_(x)emissions.The CO emissions of diesel vehicles were much lower than the NO_(x)limit of China-Ⅵemission regulations,while the CO emission control of LNG vehicles nearly failed.In addition,diesel vehicles can effectively control the on-road NH_(3)emissions,but the NH_(3)-specific emissions of LNG vehicles were 431.92-1286.45 mg/

关 键 词：温室气体 重型柴油车 重型LNG车 实际道路排放 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]