物权变动理论分野下我国不动产物权期待权的体系完善  

The Perfection of the System of the Expectant Right of Real Estate in China under the Theoretical Distinction of the Change of Real Right

作　　者：魏小来 WEI Xiaolai(College of Humanities,Heilongjiang University of Finance and Economics,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150025,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江财经学院人文学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期68-75,共8页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：我国《执行异议和复议规定》第28条至30条中赋予买受人的不动产物权期待权援引于《德国民法典》中土地及其附着物物权期待权的规范条款,但是我国的法律适用样态却与德国呈现权利受领人法律地位稳固性与物权期待权处分权能领域的差异。追根溯源,是我国民法体系与德国民法体系所适用的物权变动理论不同。我国采“修正的债权形式主义”,以“债权合意+支付价款”为物权期待权的成立基础,德国采“无因的物权形式主义”,以“物权合意+登记意思”为成立基础。在我国现实情境下,以“和缓的债权形式主义”指引我国物权期待权体系的构建更为适宜,具体包括确立物权期待权“准物权”的法律性质来稳固权利受领人的法律地位和确立功能边界、设立双层合意模式来完善处分权能规范体系。The buyer’s expectant right of real estate in Article 28 to Article 30 of the Enforcement Objection and Reconsideration Provisions in China,originally cited from the standard provisions of the expectant right of real estate of land and its attachments in the German Civil Code.However,the application of the law in China is different from that in Germany in terms of the stability of the legal status of the right receiver and the disposition of the expectant right.It is the difference between the theory of the real right change in China’s civil law system and that in Germany’s civil law system.China adopts“modified creditor’s right formalism”,taking“creditor’s right agreement plus payment price”as the foundation for the establishment of the expectant right of real estate,while Germany adopts“real right formalism with no cause”,with“real right agreement plus registration intention”as the foundation.Factoring in China’s realistic conditions,it is more appropriate to guide the construction of the country’s system of the expectant right of real estate with“gentle formalism of creditor's rights”.Specific measures include establishing the legal nature of the“quasi-real right”of the expectant right of real estate to stabilize the legal status and clarify the functional boundary of the right receiver,and establishing a two-layer agreement mode to improve the standard system of disposition right.

关 键 词：物权期待权 物权行为理论 债权形式主义 准物权 处分权能 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]