空间运动维度下运动性疲劳对跆拳道横踢技术运动学特征的影响研究  

Effect of Exercise Fatigue on Movement Speed of Taekwondo Turning⁃kick with Leg Based on Kinematics Characteristic

作　　者：谢明正 雷涛 孙健[2,3] 周澳 苏健蛟 XIE Mingzheng;LEI Tao;SUN Jian;ZHOU Ao;SU Jianjiao(College of Science of Physical Education,Hengyang Normal University,Hengyang 421002,Hunan,China;Research Centre for Northeast Asian Ethnic Traditional Sports,Wuhan 430079,China;College of Wushu,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Kashi University College of Physical Education,kashi 844000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]衡阳师范学院体育科学学院,湖南衡阳421002 [2]武汉体育学院东北亚民族传统体育研究中心,武汉430079 [3]武汉体育学院武术学院,武汉430079 [4]喀什大学体育学院,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2023年第5期607-614,共8页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(22A0500);武汉体育学院青年教师科研基金项目(2022J05);武汉体育学院中青年科研团队资助项目(21KT12)。

摘　　要：目的基于空间运动学理论,探究运动性疲劳对横踢技术运动学特征的影响,为运动员产生运动性疲劳时合理使用横踢技术动作及有效提升击打效率提供研究范例。方法对20名韩国跆拳道男子精英运动员采用功率自行车诱导疲劳,乳酸分析仪评定运动性疲劳,三维运动捕捉系统采集动作轨迹,利用分析软件对横踢技术的空间运动轨迹、重心位移、下肢关节活动度的参数等进行分析。结果(1)被试者在正常和疲劳2种状态下,支撑腿和进攻腿的下肢关节活动度均出现了差异(P<0.05),髋关节和踝关节存在显著性;(2)正常和疲劳2种状态下身体重心在矢状轴、冠状轴和垂直轴上移动距离差异较大,疲劳状态时身体重心在三轴上整体移动距离较小,相对于正常状态较高;(3)疲劳状态时动作轨迹在冠状轴上移动范围较大,矢状轴上前移距离较近且低于正常状态。结论运动员因在实战中高强度的对抗,诱发机体血乳酸过多堆积造成的肌群对横踢技术动作控制能力降低,产生横踢技术运动轨迹形变和动作速度减缓的运动现象,成为横踢技术动作击打效率降低的重要因素,建议结合疲劳点出现的时间节点进行针对性训练。Objective Based on the fundamentals of spatial kinematics,this paper explored the influence degree of exercise fatigue on the deceleration of the kinematics characteristic of the turning⁃kick,so as to provide theoretical reference for athletes to use the cross kick technique reasonably and effectively improve the hitting efficiency when sports fatigue.Method 20 male elite Korean Taekwondo athletes were treated with power cycling to induce fatigue,lactic acid analyzer was used to assess the degree of exercise fatigue,three⁃dimensional motion capture system was used to collect motion trajectories,and analysis software was used to analyze the parameters of spatial motion trajectories,center of gravity displacement,and lower limb joint range of motion of the turning⁃kick.Result(1)In the normal and fatigue state,there were significant differences in the range of motion of the lower limb joints of the supporting leg and the attacking leg of the subjects,and there were significant differences in the hip joint and ankle joint(P<0.05).(2)The movement distance of the body center of gravity in the sagittal axis,coronal axis and vertical axis is quite different between the normal and fatigue states,and the overall movement distance of the body center of gravity in the triaxial axis is smaller in the fatigue state,which is higher than that in the normal state.(3)In the fatigue state,the movement range of the movement trajectory on the coronal axis is large,and the forward movement distance on the sagittal axis is close and lower than that in the normal state.Conclusion Because athletes have high intensity confrontation in practical combat,the muscle group caused by excessive accumulation of blood lactate induces the decrease of the control ability of the muscle group to the movement of the transverse kick technique,and the resulting movement phenomenon of the deformation of the movement trajectory of the transverse kick technique and the slowing of the action speed becomes an important factor for the decrease of the bea

关 键 词：运动性疲劳 跆拳道 横踢技术 运动学特征 

分 类 号：G866.980.421[文化科学—体育训练]