“买事”还是“买人”? 政府购买公共服务的多元运作模式——基于上海、广州和深圳的多案例分析  

Buying Item or Human Resource?Multiple Operational Modes of Government Purchasing Service—Based on a Multi-Case Study between Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen

作　　者：崔杨杨 Cui Yangyang

机构地区：[1]中共上海市委党校、上海行政学院社会学教研部

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2023年第1期117-141,297,298,共27页China Nonprofit Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“政府购买公共服务的问题及治理对策研究”(21CZZ048)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着政府购买公共服务实践改革不断深化,各地政府涌现出多样化的政府购买公共服务运作模式。不同于经典的竞争性与独立性区分方式,本研究按照“买事”与“买人”的差异化购买内容,将政府购买公共服务的运作模式总结为项目制、托管制和岗位制三种,通过比较分析上海、广州、深圳的三个经典案例,阐释三者显著不同的制度特征和治理逻辑。项目制成为当前政府购买公共服务最主要的运作模式,遵循事本主义逻辑,表现出稀缺性资源、标准化程序、竞争性招投标和多层级政府参与的技术治理特征。托管制发轫于上海的罗山会馆模式,是由社会力量运营管理公共服务设施并提供专业化服务,“买事”与“买人”两者兼有,特点是服务场所的固定性、合作关系的持续性和供给服务的整体性。岗位制则是“买人”开展服务,优势在于程序简便易行、管理要求不高和培育供给市场。这三种运作模式在购买内容、购买期限、公私关系、治理逻辑和潜在风险等方面存在显著差异,合理利用能实现优势互补。With the deepening of the reform of the practice of government purchasing public services,various operation modes of government purchasing public services have emerged in local governments.Different from the classic way of distinguishing between competition and independence,this study summarizes the operation mode of government purchasing public services into project system,trustee system and post system according to the differentiated purchase content of“buying item and human resource”.The three classic cases of Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen illustrate the significantly different institutional characteristics and governance logics of the three.The project system has become the most important operation mode for the government to purchase public services at present.It follows the logic of eventualism and shows the technical governance characteristics of scarce resources,standardized procedures,competitive bidding and multi-level government participation.The trustee system,which originated from the Luoshan Hall in Shanghai,is the operation and management of public service facilities and the provision of professional services by social forces.It is characterized by the fixity of servide places,the continuity of cooperation and the integrity of service supply.The post system is to buy human re-source to carry out services.The advantages are that the procedure is simple and easy,the management requirement is not high and the supply market is cultivated.There are significant differences in terms of purchase content,purchase period,public-private rela-tionship,governance logic and potential risks.Rational utilization can achieve comple-mentary advantages.

关 键 词：政府购买公共服务 项目制 托管制 岗位制 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]