基于驾驶模拟试验的山区公路交通安全设施组合效用研究  

Investigation into the effectiveness of traffic safety facility combinations on mountain roads based on driving simulation experiments

作　　者：秦雅琴[1] 李国鑫 赵仕林 谢济铭 刘拥华[1] QIN Yaqin;LI Guoxin;ZHAO Shilin;XIE Jiming;LIU Yonghua(Faculty of Transportation Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学交通工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第10期3398-3408,共11页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71861016)。

摘　　要：为准确评估山区公路环境下交通安全设施组合的效用,设计“直线+长大坡道、急转弯、弯坡道组合”3种经典山区公路场景下交通安全设施组合驾驶模拟试验,通过分析驾驶员在山区公路交通安全设施下的驾驶特性,将熵权法和物元可拓理论有机结合,构建了山区公路交通安全设施效用评估指标体系,建立了交通安全设施组合效用的熵权物元多级可拓评价模型。评估山区公路环境下不同设施组合场景效用,得出安全设施组合的效用等级,并以此提出交通安全设施设置的改进策略。结果表明:在直线+长大坡道场景下,相较于减速标线,道路标志的设置更有利于吸引驾驶员的注意力和提升驾驶员的警惕性;在急转弯场景下,设置道路防护类设施,如护栏等,对驾驶安全性的提升最大;在弯坡道组合场景下,采取交通标志标线与护栏设施组合的设置方式,可以使驾驶员快速判断前方道路路况,从而促使其采取安全的驾驶行为,保证驾驶员的驾驶安全性。To accurately evaluate the utility of the combination of traffic safety facilities in a mountain highway environment and obtain the optimal combination of traffic safety facilities in different scenes of mountain highway,this paper designs three classic mountain highway scenes:"straight line and long ramp,sharp turn and curved ramp combination"by VS Design 3D software.In these scenarios,the common traffic safety facilities are combined and set,and each combination scheme involves five types of traffic safety facilities:warning signs,speed limit signs,slow signs,deceleration markings,and guardrails.Through driving simulation experiments,combined with the characteristics of drivers'driving behavior under mountain roads,the entropy weight method and matter-element extension theory are organically combined.Three secondary indexes such as the driver's eye movement index,driver's physiological and psychological index,and driver's operation behavior index,and five tertiary indexes such as duration of fixation,heart rate change rate and steering wheel corner rate,are selected.The utility evaluation index system of mountain highway traffic safety facilities is constructed,and the entropy weight matter-element multi-level extension evaluation model of the combined utility of traffic safety facilities is established to evaluate the utility of different combined scenarios of traffic safety facilities in the mountain highway environment.The results show that the combined utility of warning signs,deceleration markings,and guardrails has a higher correlation degree and better warning utility under the same utility level in the scene of a straight line and long ramp of a mountain highway.In the sharp turn scene,the combined utility of the warning sign and guardrail has a higher correlation degree under the same utility level and has a more obvious influence on drivers'driving decisions.In the curved ramp combined scene,the combined utility level of the warning sign,speed limit sign,deceleration marking,and guardrail is the highe

关 键 词：安全工程 山区公路 交通安全设施 熵权法 物元可拓模型 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学]