基于二维云模型的沙漠高速公路生态风险评价及优选研究  

Ecological risk evaluation and optimum selection of desert expressway schemes based on 2-D cloud model

作　　者：韩峰[1] 刘志博 尹文华[1,2] 李良英 吴霁崟[1] HAN Feng;LIU Zhibo;YIN Wenhua;LI Liangying;WU Jiyin(School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Ningxia Highway Survey and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Yinchuan 750001,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学土木工程学院,兰州730070 [2]宁夏公路勘察设计院有限责任公司,银川750001

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第10期3774-3783,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51568037);宁夏回族自治区交通运输厅科技项目(20200173)。

摘　　要：为研究以生态平衡为导向的沙漠高速公路方案风险评价,基于腾格里沙漠特殊的地理环境与道路施工特征,从动植物生存环境干扰、自然生态景观破坏、水土资源污染、自然资源开发利用、植物固沙及后期维护5个方面建立沙漠地区的生态风险评价指标体系,运用集值统计法优化传统AHP法,确定各评价指标权重,再以生态环境破坏情况与修复成本作为二维云模型的2组基础数字特征,建立生态风险和二维云模型间的联系;借助MATLAB输出二维风险云图,对比不同道路方案的一级指标和的综合生态风险云评价等级。按上述方法构造模型,对乌玛高速中卫穿沙段两条道路方案进行生态风险评价,结果表明:西线道路方案有效保护了沙坡头景区和水源保护地的生态平衡和安全,综合生态风险等级介于良好和优秀之间,更贴近良好,南线道路方案对原有生态环境破坏程度较大,修复成本高,综合生态风险等级介于一般和良好之间,更贴近一般,因此更推荐西线方案作为道路修建的实施方案,这也与工程实际情况一致,从而验证了数学模型对沙漠地区生态风险评价的适用性和有效性。To study the ecological-equilibrium-oriented risk evaluation of desert expressway schemes,under the premise of the special geographical environment and road construction characteristics in Tengger Desert ascertained,this paper establishes an index system for the ecological risk evaluation in desert areas by considering the five aspects,including the interference of living environment of animals and plants,the destruction of natural ecological landscapes,the pollution of water and soil resources,the development and utilization of natural resources,the sand fixation of plants and the subsequent maintenance.The set-value statistics method is used to optimize the traditional AHP method to confirm each evaluation index's weight.Thus,the ecological damage situation and remediation cost are chosen as the two sets of basic digital features in the twodimensional cloud to establish a connection between ecological risks and two-dimensional cloud and two-dimensional cloud images are output in MATLAB,which are helpful to make a comparison between first-level index risk cloud evaluation level and comprehensive ecological risk cloud evaluation level among different route schemes.Through the method mentioned above,the ecological risk evaluations of two route schemes in Zhongwei sand crossing section of Wuhai-Maqin Expressway were made.The result shows that the western road scheme effectively protects the ecological balance and safety of Shapotou scenic spot and water source protection area and its comprehensive ecological risk level of the west route scheme is between good and excellent,which is closer to good.The southern route road scheme damages the original ecological environment to a large extent and has high repair costs and its comprehensive ecological risk level of the south route scheme is between general and good,which is closer to general.Therefore,the west route is recommended as the implementation scheme of expressway construction.The result agrees with the practical project condition and verified the applicability

关 键 词：环境工程学 沙漠高速公路 生态风险 二维云模型 风险评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]