茶树杂交F_(1)主要品质成分杂种优势与混合遗传分析  

Heterosis and Mixed Genetic Analysis of Main Quality Components in Hybrid F_(1)Populations of Tea

作　　者：雷雨[1] 段继华[1] 黄飞毅[1] 康彦凯[1] 罗意[1] 陈莹玉 丁玎[1] 李赛君[1] LEI Yu;DUAN Jihua;HUANG Feiyi;KANG Yankai;LUO Yi;CHEN Yingyu;DING Ding;LI Saijun(Tea Research Institute,Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Medium and Small Leaf Tea Plant Germplasm Resources Repository(Changsha)/Hunan Branch of National Center for Tea Improvement/Hunan Observation and Experiment Station of Tea Plant and Tea Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Repositoru/Hunan Tea Plant Variety and Seeding Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha,Hunan 410125)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家中小叶茶树种质资源圃(长沙)/国家茶树改良中心湖南分中心/农业农村部茶树及茶叶加工科学观测实验站/湖南省茶树种质资源圃/湖南省茶树品种与种苗工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第9期1744-1750,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1600801);湖南省种业创新项目(2021NX1008);湖南省农业科技创新资金(2022CX34)。

摘　　要：为研究不同遗传背景下茶树主要品质成分性状的杂种优势及遗传模型,本研究以保靖黄金茶1号为父本,福鼎大白茶、安徽1号和碧香早分别为母本,构建3个杂交F_(1)群体,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型等方法对其开展水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸和咖啡碱4个主要品质成分的遗传分析。结果表明,除水浸出物外,其余各成分遗传变异均较为广泛。4个性状在3个杂交F_(1)群体中均存在不同程度的中亲优势,超亲分离现象广泛存在,3个组合的水浸出物和茶多酚表现正向中亲优势,咖啡碱表现了不同的正向和负向中亲优势,而氨基酸表现为负向中亲优势且存在偏母性遗传;4个性状遗传在3个杂交F_(1)群体中共符合3种模型,但均为两对主基因+多基因遗传控制。水浸出物、氨基酸和咖啡碱在以福鼎大白茶和碧香早为母本的杂交F_(1)群体检测到两对加性-显性主基因,茶多酚在2个组合中表现不一致,分别为两对加性-显性主基因和两对等加性主基因;水浸出物、茶多酚和氨基酸在以安徽1号为母本的杂交F_(1)群体检测到两对等加性主基因,咖啡碱表现为两对加性效应的主基因。3个杂交F_(1)群体的水浸出物和咖啡碱主基因遗传率较高,均大于50%,茶多酚和氨基酸主基因遗传率为1.083%~99.246%。本研究初步分析了茶树主要品质成分的遗传规律及主基因间互作效应,为主要品质成分性状的数量性状基因座(QTL)定位分析和分子标记辅助育种提供了理论依据。To study the heterosis and genetic models of the main quality traits of tea plants under different genetic backgrounds,three crossbreeding F_(1)populations were constructed with Baojing Huangjincha 1 as the male parent and Fuding Dabaicha,Anhui 1 and Bixiangzao as the female parent,and the genetic analysis of four main quality traits,including water extract,tea polyphenols,amino acids and caffeine,was carried out by using a mixed genetic model of major genes plus polygene.The results showed that,except for water extract,the genetic variations of the other components were quite extensive.Four traits in the three crossbreeding F_(1)populations had varying degrees of mid-parent heterosis,and over-parent heterosis was widespread.The water extract and tea polyphenols in three combinations showed positive mid-parent heterosis,caffeine showed different positive and negative mid-parent heterosis,while amino acids showed negative mid-parent heterosis and biased maternal inheritance.Trait inheritance in the three crossbreeding F_(1)populations fit a total of three models,but all were controlled by two pairs of major genes plus polygenic.Water extract,amino acid and caffeine were detected in two pairs of additive-dominant major genes in the F_(1)population derived from Fuding Dabaicha and Bixiangzao,and tea polyphenols were inconsistently expressed in two pairs of additive-dominant major genes and two pairs of equi-additive major genes in the two combinations;water extract,tea polyphenols and amino acid were detected in two pairs of equi-additive major genes in the F_(1)population of the cross with Anhui 1 as the maternal parent,and caffeine showed the inheritance of two pairs of additive major genes.The heritability of water extract and caffeine genes was higher than 50%,and the heritability of tea polyphenol and amino acid genes ranged from 1.083%to 99.246%in the three crossbreeding F_(1)populations.This study provides a preliminary analysis of the inheritance pattern of major quality components of tea tree and the intera

关 键 词：茶树 品质成分 杂种优势 主基因+多基因 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]