对“公法人”民事执行立法论  

On the Legislation of Civil Execution of“Public Legal Person”

作　　者：高星阁 Gao Xingge

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2023年第6期186-198,共13页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2020年国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD195):“国家治理体系中民事执行现代化研究”;2022年度重庆市教委人文社科重点研究基地项目(22SKJD039):“‘区域性’类案检索机制的规范化研究”。

摘　　要：《民事强制执行法(草案)》第103条虽然初步解决了我国司法实践中长期存在的对“公法人”强制执行“无法可依”的问题,但仍存在许多不足,需要进行系统性立法供给。首先,民事执行中仍应当以“公法人”概念作为统摄,并通过列举方式实现与《民法典》法人制度的协调对接;其次,需明确列有预算、未限期履行、无损公益等作为对“公法人”预算资金强制执行之要件,并结合我国国情提出国家私产的备位性和国库资金的托底性以扩充“公法人”责任财产的范围;最后,需明确对“公法人”直接强制执行措施仅限于有关金钱债权的强制执行措施,而对于间接强制执行措施则应当立足“公法人”的本质属性,并结合行政诉讼执行司法实践,明确对公法人间接强制执行措施只包括延迟履行利息、对“公法人”负责人的逾期罚款以及向监察机关或者该“公法人”的上一级行政机关提出司法建议三种类型。The legislation of Article 103 of the Civil Enforcement Law(Draft) has preliminarily resolved the long-standing situation of “no law” to follow in the enforcement against “public legal persons” in China's judicial practice. But systematic legislation is still needed. First, the concept of “public legal person” should still be used as the general concept in the civil enforcement, and the coordinated connection with the legal person system of the Civil Code should be realized by enumeration. Secondly, it should be clearly stated that the budgets, unlimited period for performance, and non-destructive public welfare will be regarded as the requirements for the enforcement of the budget funds of “public legal persons”, and proposes to expand the scope of the liability property of the “public legal person” with the private property of the state as an alternative and the state treasury fund as the support in light of China's national conditions. Finally, it needs to be clarified that direct enforcement measures against “public legal persons” are limited to enforcement measures related to monetary claims, while indirect enforcement measures should be based on the essential attributes of “public legal persons”. Combined with the judicial practice of administrative litigation enforcement, it should be clarified that indirect enforcement measures against “public legal persons” only include three types: interest for delayed performance, overdue fines on the responsible person of the “public legal person”, and judicial recommendations to the supervisory organ or the administrative organ at the next higher level above the “public legal person”.

关 键 词：公法人 机关法人 民事执行 预算资金 执行措施 

分 类 号：D915.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]