汉代盐官探析  

Research on the Salt Officials in the Han Dynasty

作　　者：蒋波 JIANG Bo(Research Center for Chinese Unearthed Texts and Civilizations of the Qin and Han Dynasties of Biquan Academy,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan Hunan 411105,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学碧泉书院出土文献和秦汉文明研究中心,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2023年第6期1-6,共6页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“汉代官吏管理制度新探”,项目编号:22FZSB019。

摘　　要：盐官是国家盐务的主要执行者。汉武帝之前的盐官设置难以详考,汉武帝后实行盐业专卖,国家在中央、郡县盐场均设有盐官。两汉盐务主管部门历经变迁,汉初为少府,汉武帝到东汉之前职归大司农,东汉属太尉。地方盐务机构以“事”为中心,与县廷并不重合,而是设在盐场或盐场附近;盐官的秩级、吏员配备与县级长吏类似。盐官选任的考量因素包括是否熟悉盐务、是否廉洁;候选者必须遵守“回避”原则,即本县盐官不能用本郡本县人。汉代盐官的职掌在不同时段略有区别,汉初主要负责征收盐税,汉武帝到新莽时组织官营、防范盐业私营、储存食盐等。东汉既要负责部分地区盐业的国营,又要监管私营者生产,对私营、商销者课税。盐官在汉代国家政治、经济生活中发挥了重要作用。Salt officials in ancient China were the main administrators who oversaw national salt affairs such as its production and provisioning.Detailed examination of the setting of salt officials before Emperor Wu of Han largely eludes researchers due to limited records.Ever since the reign of Emperor Wu of Han,salt had been decreed to be a state monopoly and the posts of salt officials had since been established at salt fields and/or salt works both centrally and locally.The department in charge of salt affairs had undergone many changes during the Han Dynasty.In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty,the Shaofu(Chamberlain of the Palace Revenues)took charge of salt affairs.During the period from Emperor Wu’s reign to the early Eastern Han Dynasty,salt management duty was transferred to the Dasinong(Minister of Finance),which later fell within the jurisdiction of the Taiwei(Defender-in-Chief)during the Eastern Han Dynasty.Local salt agencies,located in or near salt fields,focused on“exclusive affairs”,which did not run counter to the duties of local government institutions.The rank and personnel staffing of local salt officials were similar to those of county-level officials.The factors to be considered in the selection of salt officials included familiarity with salt affairs,honesty,and moral integrity.Meanwhile,candidates must abide by the principle of“avoidance”,which means that local salt officials could not hire someone locally.The duties of salt officials in the Han Dynasty were slightly different at different times.In the early Han Dynasty,salt officials were mainly responsible for collecting salt tax.From Emperor Wu’s reign to the reign of Wang Mang,founder of the short-lived Xin Dynasty(9-25A.D.),their duties evolved to include enforcing state salt monopoly,preventing privatization of the salt industry,and overseeing salt preservation and storage.During the Eastern Han Dynasty,salt officials were responsible for central administration of salt in some regions,supervision of salt production by pr

关 键 词：汉代 盐官 机构 选任 职掌 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]