基于qPCR技术的黄东海沙海蜇时空分布特征研究  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Nemopilema nomurai in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea Based on Quantitative Real-Time PCR

作　　者：柳怡帆 甄毓[1,2] 米铁柱[1,2] 王建艳 Liu Yifan;Zhen Yu;Mi Tiezhu;Wang Jianyan(Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Department of Science Research,Beijing Museum of Natural History,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [3]北京自然博物馆科学研究部,北京100050

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第12期40-49,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203700);国家自然科学基金项目(41906112)资助。

摘　　要：沙海蜇(Nemopilema nomurai)是东亚海域常见的大型水母,近年来其频繁大规模暴发导致了严重灾害。本文利用荧光定量PCR方法分析了2012年10月、2013年5月、8月和9月黄海、东海海区沙海蜇线粒体16S rDNA(mt-16S rDNA)的浓度和分布特征。研究表明,沙海蜇mt-16S rDNA在4个调查月份中均有检出,最早于5月上旬在长江口近岸出现较高检出值,检出浓度的高值区与长江口近岸温度高值区和盐度低值区位置一致;2013年8月的检出浓度在4个调查月中最高,检出浓度的高值区与温度高值区位置一致;2012年10月的检出浓度最低,检出浓度的高值区与温度低值区位置一致。从8月到10月沙海蜇mt-16S rDNA的浓度高值区呈由南向北转移的趋势,这与已有研究中沙海蜇水母体丰度分布趋势相吻合。2013年8月和9月的分层次采样结果显示,在大部分站位的底层水体中沙海蜇mt-16S rDNA浓度较高,这可能与沙海蜇成体或微小个体的沉降或垂直移动有关。研究结果表明,荧光定量PCR检测技术可实现水体中水母DNA定量检测,可以弥补传统拖网调查方法的不足,为全面了解水母的时空分布及水母栖息地溯源提供方法。Nemopilema nomurai is a common large jellyfish inhabiting Southeast Asian seawaters.In recent years,its frequent large-scale outbreaks have led to serious disasters.In this study,quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was used to analyze the concentration and distribution characteristics of mt-16S rDNA of N.nomurai in the waters of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in Oct.,2012,May,Aug.and Sept.,2013.The mt-16S rDNA of N.nomurai was detected in all four survey months.High mt-16S rDNA was first detected near the Yangtze estuary in early May,and the areas with high concentration were consistent with those at high temperature and low salinity in the Yangtze estuary.The concentration in Aug.,2013,was the highest among four surveys,and the areas with high concentration were consistent with those at high temperature.In contrast,the detected concentration in Oct.,2012,was the lowest,and the areas with high detected concentration were consistent with those at low temperature.The areas with high mt-16S rDNA concentration of N.nomurai shifted from south to north from Aug.to Oct.,which was consistent with the distribution trend of N.nomurai abundance revealed by other studies.As the stratified sampling results in Aug.and Sept.,2013,showed,the mt-16S rDNA presented a high concentration in the bottom water at most stations,which might be related to the sedimentation or vertical movement of medusae and polyps.The results showed that the qPCR can achieve the goal of quantitative detection of jellyfish DNA in water,which can make up for the shortage of traditional trawl survey methods,and provide a feasible method for comprehensively understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of jellyfish and tracing the origins of their habitats.

关 键 词：水母暴发 实时荧光定量PCR 沙海蜇 浮浪幼虫 时空分布 溯源 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]