非花粉类遗存(Non-Pollen Palynomorphs)分析在考古学中的应用——以浙江井头山遗址为例  

The application of non-pollen palynomorph analysis in archaeological studies:A case study of Jingtoushan site,Zhejiang

作　　者：张予南[1] 吴小红[1] 孙国平[2] ZHANG Yunan;WU Xiaohong;SUN Guoping(School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871;Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Hangzhou 310012,Zhejiang)

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871 [2]浙江省文物考古研究所,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2023年第5期1396-1403,共8页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：自然科学青年基金项目(批准号:42101147)资助。

摘　　要：非花粉类遗存(Non-Pollen Palynomorphs)包括在花粉分析过程中可以同时观察到的真菌、藻类、无脊椎生物等来源的微体化石,可以反映环境和人类活动。相比于国际上四十余年的研究历史,我国的零星研究案例主要集中在青藏高原和长江下游地区,在空间和时间上都存在大量空白,特别是缺乏对考古遗址堆积物样品的研究。本研究总结了非花粉类遗存在考古学中的指示意义,并以浙江井头山遗址为例进行分析。对井头山遗址贝丘堆积物样品的分析结果表明,粪生型、纤维素分解型和植物寄生型真菌孢子在主要文化堆积中大量出现,显示粪便、古人利用的纤维素材料以及其他植物遗存与贝类在堆积中共存,均来自古人生活的废弃物。与长江下游其他地点自然沉积物及考古遗址堆积物的分析结果比较,井头山遗址贝丘堆积中真菌孢子的组合存在差异,可能与不同的人类活动有关。Non-Pollen Palynomorphs include micro-fossils which can be observed during pollen analysis,such as fungi,algae,blue algae and invertebrates,and can indicate environments and human activities.Compared with the research history in the world of more than forty years,the few study cases in China mostly focus on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the lower Yangtze River region.Large gaps exist in the study areas and periods.Especially,studies of the samples from archaeological sediments are insufficient.We summarised the indicative significance of non-pollen palynomorphs in archaeological studies and analysed taking the example of Jingtoushan site(30.0265°N,121.3635°E)in the lower Yangtze River region,Zhejiang Province.The analytical results of the sediment samples from Jingtoushan shell midden showed that coprophilous,cellulose decomposing and plant parasitic fungal spores,such as Chaetomium-type,Sporormiella-type,Sordaria-type,appeared in large amount in the main cultural layers,indicating that faeces,cellulose materials and other plant remains from waste deposited by human activities coexisted with shells.Compared with the analytical results of other locations in the lower Yangtze River region,the fungal spores at Jingtoushan site showed different assemblages,implying different human activities at the archaeological sites.

关 键 词：非花粉类遗存 真菌孢子 井头山遗址 人类活动 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]