基于压电纤维复合材料的风沙冲击力传感器研究  

Research on Impact Force Sensor of Wind⁃Driven Sand Based on Piezoelectric Fiber Composites

作　　者：李正农[1] 王艺舒 蒲鸥 吴红华[1] 赵爱国[3] LI Zhengnong;WANG Yishu;PU Ou;WU Honghua;ZHAO Aiguo(Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100083,China;Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学建筑安全与节能教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410082 [2]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《防灾减灾工程学报》2023年第5期923-933,共11页Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52178476);北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室开放课题(2021-KF-3);武汉理工大学三亚科教园开放基金(2001KF007)资助。

摘　　要：沙尘暴是一种多发于沙漠等干旱地区的灾害天气,建(构)筑物常受其影响被侵蚀甚至产生破坏,这种破坏的本质是风沙两相流中沙粒对结构表面冲击产生细微损伤的积累。为了深入探索这种风沙两相流对结构的冲击作用和沙粒冲击力在结构表面的分布规律,研究了采用压电纤维复合材料作为力传感器来测量风沙流场中沙粒冲击力的方法,通过标定试验建立了压电传感器所受沙粒冲击力与其输出电信号之间的数学模型,构建了基于压电纤维复合材料的风沙冲击力传感器。分别采用高频测力天平和压电传感器测量低矮房屋迎风面在风沙风洞试验中所受到的沙粒冲击力,验证压电传感器测量沙粒冲击力的适用性和准确性。结果显示:两种测力方式的结果总体相差在-4.72%~5.80%,两种试验结果吻合良好;建筑物迎风面内侧所受到的沙粒冲击力大于外侧所受到的沙粒冲击力,沙粒冲击力的分布与表面风压力分布具有一定相关关系。研究成果可为结构防风沙灾害的相关研究提供参考。Sandstorms are a kind of natural disaster mostly occurring in deserts and other arid areas,which often cause erosion and damage to buildings.The essence of this damage is the accumulation of subtle damages caused by the impact of sand particles on the structure's surface in the wind-sand twophase flow.In order to investigate the impact of wind-sand two-phase flow on structures and the distribution of sand particle impact forces on structure surfaces,a method using piezoelectric fiber composites as force sensors to measure the impact forces of sand particles in the wind-sand flow field was studied.A mathematical model between the impact force of sand particles on the piezoelectric sensor and its output electrical signal was established through calibration experiments,and a wind-sand impact force sensor based on piezoelectric fiber composite materials was constructed.High-frequency force sensor and piezoelectric sensor were respectively used to measure the impact force of sand particles on the windward face of low-rise buildings in wind-sand tunnel tests,to verify the applicability and accuracy of the piezoelectric sensor in measuring sand particles impact force.The results showed that the difference between the two methods was generally between-4.72%and 5.80%,and the two sets of experimental results were in good agreement.The impact force of sand particles on the inner side of the windward face of the building was greater than that on the outer side,and the distribution of impact force had a certain correlation with the distribution of surface wind pressure.The research findings can provide a reference for research related to structural defense against wind and sand hazards.

关 键 词：沙粒冲击力 压电纤维复合材料 力传感器 低矮房屋 

分 类 号：TU312.1[建筑科学—结构工程]