随迁子女教育政策、入学机会与人力资本积累——来自异地中考政策的证据  

Admission Policy,Education Opportunity,and Human Capital Accumulation:Evidence from High School Entrance Exam Policy for Migrant Children

作　　者：陈媛媛 宋扬 邹月晴 Chen Yuanyuan;Song Yang;Zou Yueqing(Institute for Advanced Research,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;Key Laboratory of Mathematical Economics of Ministry of Education,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学高等研究院 [2]上海财经大学数理经济学教育部重点实验室 [3]上海财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《劳动经济研究》2023年第3期3-29,共27页Studies in Labor Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“随迁子女升学政策改革的影响评估”(项目编号:72273081);国家自然科学基金面上项目“评估流动儿童相关教育政策对流动儿童认知与非认知能力的短期与长期影响”(项目编号:71773074);国家自然科学基金重点项目“新兴技术与消费需求分化冲击下的中国劳动力流动规律及其社会经济影响”(项目编号:72034006);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(上海财经大学研究生创新基金)“异地中考门槛与流动人口子女的留守”(项目编号:CXJJ-2022-323)的资助。

摘　　要：随着随迁子女教育改革的推进,异地中考政策下子女实际的高中入学情况如何亟待回答。本文计算了2013-2016年72个城市的异地中考门槛指数,结合2017年流动人口动态监测数据,考察异地中考门槛对流动人口子女高中入学的影响。实证结果表明,无论子女随迁或留守,父母流入城市异地中考门槛越高,子女进入高中阶段学习的概率越低。若于2015年在全国取消异地中考限制,流动人口子女高中入学率将提升3.63%,增加12.787万流动人口子女入读高中;这一影响在父母技能水平较低或农村户口家庭中更大。上述结果是由于异地中考门槛抑制了儿童长期人力资本积累导致的,异地中考门槛不仅对儿童认知和非认知能力造成负面影响,还降低了家长对子女的教育期望和经济与时间投入。With urbanization reform opening urban schools to migrant children,it is necessary to evaluate the impact of high school admission policy for migrant children on their actual enrollment.To perform the policy evaluation,this paper constructs an index to measure the stringency of policy barrier in 72 cities in 2013-2016,using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS).We find that,migrant children who are facing higher barriers to high school entrance exam have a significantly lower probability of high school admission,regardless of being migrant children or leftbehind children.If the policy restriction could be lifted nationwide in 2015,the expected high school enrollment rate of migrant children could increase by 3.63 percent,which is equivalent to an enrollment of 127.87 thousand children.Second,the policy impact is much stronger among children from families with low-skilled or rural-hukou parents.Third,mechanism analysis shows that the policy barriers have a detrimental impact on children’s cognitive and non-cognitive abilities,and they also reduce parents’expectations on children and discourage their economic and time investments on children.

关 键 词：异地中考 流动人口子女 高中入学 人力资本积累 

分 类 号：G632.474[文化科学—教育学]