不同有机种植模式对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险及经济效益的影响  

Effect of different organic cropping patterns in rice fields on risk of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from field surface water and economic benefits

作　　者：严俊 潘晓雪 李玉成[1] 张学胜[1] 李伟 陶雅露 张康 YAN Jun;PAN Xiao-xue;LI Yu-cheng;ZHANG Xue-sheng;LI Wei;TAO Ya-lu;ZHANG Kang(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;Hefei Intelligent Agricultural Collabora-tive Innovation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]中科合肥智慧农业协同创新研究院,合肥230601

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第9期1881-1889,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017ZX07603⁃002⁃001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同有机种植模式对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险及经济效益的影响,以期能在降低巢湖流域农业面源污染风险的同时,保障粮食安全和农民收入。【方法】在环巢湖地区开展大田实验,共设置4个实验组:常规种植模式(CK)和“紫云英还田+有机肥”(T1)、“秸秆还田+沼液”(T2)、“秸秆还田+大豆饼肥”(T3)3种有机种植模式。分别测定田面水中氮磷浓度,稻米和土壤中的重金属含量及水稻产量和氮磷吸收量。【结果】移栽期和分蘖前期稻田田面水氮磷浓度达到高峰;相较于常规种植组,在移栽期,有机种植组田面水的总氮(TN)浓度和总磷(TP)浓度分别降低13.47%~23.84%和23.71%~28.79%;在分蘖期,有机种植组田面水的TN浓度和TP浓度分别降低13.47%~23.84%和21.86%~36.75%。有机种植模式下,水稻的转运效率提高14.50%~23.80%,稻米中的Cd、As和Pb含量显著降低,各实验组土壤的重金属含量均未超过国家标准,且稻米产量未显著下降,净总经济效益显著提高(37.59%~51.64%)。【结论】有机种植模式均可有效降低稻田田面水氮磷流失风险,且移栽期和分蘖前期是防控氮磷流失的关键阶段。T2模式下田面水氮磷流失风险最小,净总经济效益提高幅度最大。【Objective】In order to reduce the risks of agricultural non⁃point pollution in the Chaohu Lake basin and safeguard the food securi⁃ty and farmers’income,the influences of different organic cropping patterns on the risks of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from field surface water and economic benefits were investigated.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in the Chaohu Lake area,and four treatment groups were set as below:conventional cropping pattern(CK)and three organic cropping models including‘the returned purple yew to fields+organic fertilizer’(T1),‘the returned straw to fields+biogas liquid’(T2)and‘the returned straw to fields+soybean cake manure’(T3).The nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in field surface water,heavy metals(HMs)content in rice and soil,rice yields and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were measured,respectively.【Result】Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in field surface water all reached their peaks at the transplanting stageand pre⁃tiller stage.Compared to the conventional planting group,the TN and TP concentrations of field surface water in the organic planting group were decreased by 13.47%-23.84%and 23.71%-28.79%during the transplanting period,respectively.Meanwhile,during the tillering period,the TN and TP concentrations of field surface water in the organic planting group were reduced by 13.47%-23.84%and 21.86%-36.75%,respectively.The transfer efficiencies of rice in three organic planting patterns groups were increased by 14.50%-23.80%,while the contents of HMs(Cd,As and Pb)in rice were significantly decreased.Moreover,the soil heavy metal contents of these groups did not exceed the national standard of China.No significant decrease in rice yield was observed and the net total economic benefits also were significantly promoted(37.59%-51.64%).【Conclusion】The 3 tested organic cropping patterns can effectively reduce the risk of N and P loss from paddy field surface water.The transplanting and early tillering periods were the key stages to prev

关 键 词：有机农业 田面水 氮磷流失 稻米产量 重金属 

分 类 号：S143.6[农业科学—肥料学]