糯高粱与大豆间作模式下不同带宽配置对糯高粱根际土壤特性及产量的影响  

Effects of different bandwidth configurations on rhizosphere soil characteristics and yield of waxy sorghum with sorghum⁃soybean intercropping pattern

作　　者：陈思宇 汪灿[1] 彭方丽 周棱波[1] 张国兵[1] 高杰[1] 赵强 邵明波[1] CHEN Si-yu;WANG Can;PENG Fang-li;ZHOU Ling-bo;ZHANG Guo-bing;GAO Jie;ZHAO Qiang;SHAO Ming-bo(Institute of Upland Food Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第9期1890-1897,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省基础研究(自然科学)计划项目[黔科合基础⁃ZK(2023)一般171];国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS⁃06⁃14.5⁃B26);贵州省特色杂粮产业技术体系建设专项[黔财农(2018)81号];中央引导地方科技发展资金项目[黔科中引地(2022)4045]。

摘　　要：【目的】研究糯高粱与大豆间作模式不同带宽配置下糯高粱根际土壤特性及产量的变化,为糯高粱的优质高产及可持续生产提供科学依据。【方法】采用完全随机区组设计于2021年和2022年开展田间试验,以单作糯高粱为对照(CK),研究(2行)糯高粱与(1行)大豆间作模式下4种带宽配置(T1,带宽120 cm,糯高粱窄行行距40 cm、宽行行距80 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距40 cm;T2,带宽130 cm,糯高粱窄行行距50 cm、宽行行距80 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距40 cm;T3,带宽140 cm,糯高粱窄行行距40 cm、宽行行距100 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距50 cm;T4,带宽150 cm,糯高粱窄行行距50 cm、宽行行距100 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距50 cm)对糯高粱根际土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性及产量的影响。【结果】糯高粱间作大豆不同带宽配置处理对糯高粱根际土壤特性及产量均有显著影响。不同带宽配置处理下糯高粱根际土壤养分含量和酶活性及产量均显著高于单作糯高粱处理,且均以T3表现最好。在2021年和2022年,T3根际土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为69.85和61.12 g/kg、0.84和1.08 g/kg、0.39和0.51 g/kg、44.61和46.92 g/kg、344.58和266.63 mg/kg、25.79和26.16 mg/kg、16.32和23.60 mg/kg,其2年均值较CK分别增加18.47%、13.36%、26.00%、12.18%、60.85%、43.47%和49.24%;脲酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别为207.94和180.27 U/g、53.43和70.90 U/g、150.09和208.64 U/g、0.43和0.40 U/g、48.06和51.38 U/g,其2年均值较CK分别增加49.37%、45.61%、76.10%、55.81%和18.89%;产量分别为6199.18和6467.28 kg/hm^(2),其2年均值较CK增加22.68%。【结论】本试验条件下,糯高粱间作大豆的适宜带宽配置为带宽140 cm,糯高粱窄行行距40 cm、宽行行距100 cm,糯高粱与大豆间距50 cm。【Objective】The changes of rhizosphere soil characteristics and yield of waxy sorghum with different bandwidth configurations and sorghum⁃soybean intercropping pattern were studied,so as to provide a scientific basis for high quality,high yield and sustainable production of waxy sorghum.【Method】The field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 by using a completely randomized block design with sole cropping waxy sorghum as CK.The nutrient content of rhizosphere soil,enzyme activity and yield of waxy sorghum were studied with setting four bandwidth configurations(T1:120 cm of bandwidth with 40 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,80 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 40 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean;T2:130 cm of bandwidth with 50 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,80 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 40 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean;T3:140 cm of bandwidth with 40 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,100 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 50 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean;T4:150 cm of bandwidth with 50 cm of narrow row spacing for waxy sorghum,100 cm of wide row spacing for waxy sorghum,and 50 cm of spacing between waxy sorghum and soybean)based on 2 rows of waxy sorghum intercropped with 1 row of soy⁃bean.【Result】Different bandwidth configurations of waxy sorghum intercropped with soybean had significant effects on the rhizosphere soil characteristics and yield of waxy sorghum.The rhizosphere soil nutrient contents,enzyme activities and yield of waxy sorghum under different strip width configurations were significantly higher than those under sole cropping waxy sorghum,and the T3 treatment showed the best per⁃formance.In 2021 and 2022,the waxy sorghum organic matter,total N,total P,total K,available N,available P and available K contents of rhizosphere soil under the T3 treatment were 69.85 and 61.12 g/kg,0.84 and 1.08 g/kg,0.39 and 0.51 g/kg,44.61 and 46.92 g/kg,344.58 and 266.63 mg/kg,25.79 and 26.

关 键 词：糯高粱 大豆 间作 带宽配置 根际土壤特性 产量 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]