磁悬浮的实验探究和理论分析  

Experimental Exploration and Theoretical Analysis of Magnetic Levitation

作　　者：李瑶 路俊哲[1] 何国铭 窦凤怡 吴帅东 马晓栋[1] LI Yao;LU Jun-zhe;HE Guo-ming;DOU Feng-yi;WU Shuai-dong;MA Xiao-dong(Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Luminescence Minerals and Optical Functional Materials,School of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi,Xinjiang,830054,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学物理与电子工程学院、新疆发光矿物与光功能材料研究重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期26-33,42,共9页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Natural Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(10864006;11264039);教育部2021年第二批产学合作协同育人项目(202102004052);高等学校大学物理教指委西北地区工作委员会教学研究项目(XBJY202104);新疆维吾尔自治区高校本科教育教学研究和改革项目(XJGXPTJG-202223);新疆师范大学力学课程思政教学团队。

摘　　要：文章研究2020年中国大学生物理学术竞赛的第九题,对磁力搅拌器黏性液体中的搅拌子在旋转磁铁磁场作用下的运动,进行实验探究和理论分析。根据搅拌子和旋转磁铁的相对运动情况,将整个实验过程分为同步、不完全同步和不同步转动的三个阶段,观测和记录了三个阶段的实验现象及其细节,其中第二阶段搅拌子在黏性液体中的悬浮现象作为重点探究内容。由于问题复杂,在理论分析中,首先根据同名磁极相互排斥、异名磁极相互吸引的规律进行简单的讨论,然后根据搅拌子在磁场中的附加能量和磁力矩对实验现象进行详细的解释。为了更加清晰地理解搅拌子的悬浮现象,特别注重形象物理模型的构建和直观物理图像的呈现,将复杂问题简单化。研究内容及其方法在课堂教学实践和科普宣传教育中有一定的参考价值。Study the ninth question of the 2020 China Undergraduate Physics Tournament,and conduct experimental exploration and theoretical analysis on the motion of the stirrer in a viscous liquid of a magnetic stirrer apparatus under the action of the magnetic field of a rotating magnet.Based on the relative motion of the stirrer and the rotating magnet,the entire experimental process was divided into three stages:synchronous,incomplete synchronous,and asynchronous rotation.The experimental phenomena and details of the three stages were observed and recorded,with the levitation phenomenon of the stirrer in viscous liquid in the second stage being the focus of exploration.Due to the complexity of the problem,in theoretical analysis,a simple discussion is first conducted based on the laws of mutual repulsion between homonymous magnetic poles and attraction between heteronymous magnetic poles.Then,a detailed explanation of the experimental phenomenon is provided based on the additional energy and magnetic torque of the stirrer in the magnetic field.In order to better understand the suspension phenomenon of the stirrer,special emphasis is placed on the construction of visual physical models and the presentation of intuitive physical images,simplifying complex problems.The research content and methods have certain reference value in classroom teaching practice and science popularization education.

关 键 词：磁力搅拌器 磁悬浮 旋转磁铁 附加能量 磁力矩 相对运动 

分 类 号：O441.2[理学—电磁学]