苛刻空间环境下固体润滑涂层在谐波齿轮减速器表面的服役性能评价  

Service Performance Evaluation of Solid-lubrication Coating on Harmonic Gear Reducer Surface in Harsh Space Environment

作　　者：孙繁新[1] 史彦斌 蒲吉斌[2] 穆晓彪 孙伟 SHUN Fanxin;SHI Yanbin;PU Jibin;MU Xiaobiao;SUN Wei(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,China;Beijing CTKM Harmonic Drive Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101300,China;Military Industry Program Evaluation Center,State Administration of Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,宁波315201 [3]北京中技克美谐波传动股份有限公司,北京101300 [4]国防科工局军工项目审核中心,北京100039

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2023年第5期76-87,共12页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(SQ2022YFB3400149)。

摘　　要：随着航天技术和深空探测的发展,传统的脂润滑材料已难以满足谐波减速器在真空宽温区的润滑需求,固体润滑涂层是一种非常理想的空间润滑方式,具有较宽的温度使用范围,且润滑性能受工况的影响也较小,广泛应用于空间运动机构。目前固体润滑谐波减速器在苛刻空间环境下的使役性能(传动精度和传动效率)还鲜有报道,通过物理气相沉积技术分别在XBS-40-100型和XBS-60-120型谐波减速器制备MOSTP&MOSTP和DLC&MOSTP两种固体润滑涂层,并对润滑前后的谐波齿轮减速器的传动精度、传动效率及真空高、低温适应性进行对比研究。研究结果表明:谐波减速器的传动误差不仅没受到润滑涂层的影响,其传动精度还远优于脂润滑的同型号谐波减速器;固体润滑谐波减速器具有优异的温度适应性,XBS-40-100型和XBS-60-120型谐波减速器在-90℃~100℃温度范围内,传动效率分别为69.4%~82.8%和66.2%~86.7%,远高于全氟聚醚(-90℃,效率在30%左右)和多烷基化环戊烷(-90℃,效率基本在15%左右)润滑的同型号谐波减速。系统研究了固体润滑谐波减速器的使役性能和温度适应性,可为空间谐波减速器润滑材料的选取提供试验依据。A harmonic gear reducer has the advantages of a large transmission ratio range,high transmission efficiency,high motion accuracy,and small size,with wide use in spacecraft drive mechanisms,space docking mechanisms,and high-precision mechanism components.However,tooth profile interference caused by elastic deformation in the meshing process causes considerable wear between the teeth,reducing the transmission efficiency and accuracy and producing vibration,which greatly reduces the reliability of the driving mechanism.Thus,the choice of lubricating material is vital for the performance of a harmonic reducer.With development of space technology and deep space exploration,traditional grease lubrication materials have been unable to meet the requirements for harmonic reducer lubrication in a vacuum-wide temperature zone.Solid-lubrication coating is an ideal space lubrication method,with a wide temperature range and lubrication performance less affected by working conditions;it is widely used in space motion mechanisms.However,the service performance(transmission accuracy and transmission efficiency)of solid-lubricated harmonic reducers has rarely been reported,especially in extremely low-temperature,high-vacuum environments,with large temperature changes,or in other extreme space environments.Fundamental studies of structure and tribological properties of MoS_(2)-based coatings(MoS_(2)/Zn,TiN+MoS_(2)/Zn,and MOSTP solid-lubrication coatings)were conducted in high-vacuum environments at different temperatures.The influences of substrate material,surface roughness,storage environment,sliding speed,and load on the tribological properties of solid-lubrication coatings were systematically investigated.The results show that temperature has no effect on the coating structure,but has an obvious effect on the friction coefficient and wear.The MoS_(2)/Zn superlattice coating maintained a friction coefficient less than 0.01 at -100℃.Preparation of a hard TiN bearing layer can effectively reduce the wear of a solid-lubrication c

关 键 词：谐波减速器 MoS_(2)基固体润滑涂层 DLC固体润滑涂层 温度适应性 传动效率 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理] TB114[金属学及工艺—金属学]