敦煌归义军时期功臣像赞源流初探  

Preliminary Study on the Origin of Meritorious Official Portraits during the Guiyi Army Period in Dunhuang

作　　者：黄孟鋆 郑炳林[1] Huang Mengjun;Zheng Binglin(Institute of Dunhuang Studies,Lanzhou University)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学敦煌学研究所

出　　处：《美术》2023年第11期106-116,共11页Art Magazine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“敦煌石窟文献释录与图文互证研究”(21&ZD218)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：汉代已有绘制人物肖像并附身份信息的功臣图出现,如麒麟阁、南宫云台功臣画像,其功用以表彰纪念为主。此后至唐代,仍有在凌烟阁绘制功臣像的传统。这类以人物画像搭配题记、赞文、功德记的形式被称为像赞,是中国传统绘画的重要模式。敦煌归义军时期的文书出现了“麟台”“麒麟阁”等对功臣的描述,即借鉴了汉代绘制功臣像于麒麟阁的史实。通过敦煌莫高窟、榆林窟甬道两壁节度使供养像的写实特征及其搭配的身份榜题,可以看到归义军时期功臣的真实面貌,这体现了晚唐五代敦煌地区接续了汉唐功臣像赞的传统。本文对汉唐以来功臣像进行了溯源,并探究了功臣像赞这一绘画模式在敦煌的出现、发展及价值。There were already meritorious official portraits with identity information in the Han Dynasty,such as those in the Yuntai Pavilion in Nan'gong and the Kylin Pavilion,which were created mainly for commemoration.Such a tradition still existed during the Tang Dynasty.The portraits with inscriptions,praises and merit records,known as "xiangzan" in Chinese,is an important model of traditional Chinese painting.Descriptions of meritorious officials,such as "Lintai" and "Kylin Pavilion",that appeared in the documents of the Guiyi Army in Dunhuang of the Tang Dynasty were derived from the historical fact that meritorious official portraits were created in the Kylin Pavilion during the Han Dynasty.The realistic military official portraits with identity information on the walls of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang and the Yulin Grottoes in Yulin demonstrate the real images of heroes during the Guiyi Army Period,reflecting the fact that the tradition of commemorating heroes was carried forward in Dunhuang during the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.This paper traces the origins of meritorious official portraits since the Han and Tang Dynasties,and explores the emergence,continuation and value of this painting model in Dunhuang.

关 键 词：敦煌归义军时期 功臣像 甬道供养人像 像赞 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学] J209.2[历史地理—中国史]