论杨祖汉教授对牟宗三圆善思想的理解  

On Yang Zuhan's Understanding of Mou Zongsan's Thought of the Highest Good

作　　者：杨泽波 Yang Zebo

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心 [2]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《国际儒学（中英文）》2023年第3期123-139,181,共18页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：要正确评价牟宗三的圆善思想,首先要对幸福概念有准确的理解。这里的重点不是保证幸福概念尽可能周延,而是界定康德与圆善相关的幸福的性质。康德设定上帝作为信念保证以解决圆善问题,其幸福是物质性的,不是精神性的。“诡谲的即”(“非分别说”)是牟宗三解决圆善问题的第一个步骤,由此达成的幸福大致相当于儒学传统讲的“孔颜乐处”,属于精神性的幸福,而非物质性的幸福,以此无法解决“康德意义”的圆善问题。“纵贯纵讲”是牟宗三解决圆善问题的第二个步骤,其核心是以存有论说明儒家意义幸福的生成原因。这里的“存有”与“存有论的圆”的“存有”所指不同,应加以区分,否则无法把握牟宗三“把圆满的善(圆善)套于无执的存有论中来处理”这一重要用心。以存有论说明幸福的生成原因可称为“赋予说”,这种理论难称究竟之法,“满足说”可能更为根本,更有合理。In order to properly evaluate Mou Zongsan's thought of the highest good,it is first necessary to have an accurate understanding of the concept of happiness.The point here is not to ensure that the concept of happiness extends as far as possible,but to define the nature of Kant's happiness as it relates to the highest good.Kant sets God as a guarantee of faith to solve the problem of the highest good,and his happiness is material,not spiritual.The Gujuedeji(Undiscriminating Speech)is Mou's first step in solving the problem of the highest good,and the happiness thus achieved is roughly equivalent to the Confucian traditional"the happiness of Confucius and Yan Hui",which is spiritual happiness rather than material happiness,and thus cannot solve the problem of the highest good in Kant's sense.Vertical Interpretation of Vertical Relationships is the second step in Mou Zongsan's solution to the problem of the highest good,and its core is to use ontology to explain the cause of happiness in the Confucian sense.The term ontology here differs from the term ontological in the ontological perfection and should be distinguished.Otherwise,it is impossible to grasp Mou Zongsan's important intention of putting the highest good in the non-attached ontology for processing.The theory of ontology as the cause of happiness can be called the endowment theory,but this theory is hardly a real solution to the problem,and the satisfaction theory is probably more fundamental and reasonable.

关 键 词：牟宗三 圆善论 存有论的圆 纵贯纵讲 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]