从“启蒙”到“讽谕”——鲁迅与赵树理乡土书写的话语歧异  

From“Enlightenment”to“Irony”:The Discourse Difference in Rural Writing Between LU Xun and ZHAO Shuli

作　　者：张继超 公言海 ZHANG Jichao;GONG Yanhai(Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030000;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学,山西太原030000 [2]浙江大学,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江万里学院学报》2023年第6期67-72,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Wanli University

摘　　要：作为外在于乡村的知识分子,鲁迅审视农民的视角是居高临下的,他针对乡村的言说以启蒙性的话语为主。而赵树理则始终坚持立足于乡村内部,力图融入农民之中,其旨在改造农民精神结构的话语内容是“讽谕性”的。话语性质的不同有着不同的文本表现,启蒙话语导引出具有“寓言化”倾向的叙事,多含悲剧色彩;讽谕话语则注重突出文学“新闻化”的品格,充溢乐观情绪。这种话语歧异的产生,不仅由于两位作家的个人视野有所差别,更反映出不同历史条件下“农民想象”的嬗变。As an intellectual,outside the countryside,LU Xun looked at the peasants from a commanding perspective.His remarks on the countryside were mainly enlightening.ZHAO Shuli always insisted on being based on the interior of the countryside and tried to integrate into the peasants.His discourse content aimed at reforming the spiritual structure of peasants was“ironic”.The different nature of discourse has different textual manifestations.The enlightenment discourse leads to a narrative with“allegorical”tendency,mostly with tragic color.The ironic discourse focuses on highlighting the“news”character of literature and is full of optimism.This dissimilar discourse is not only due to the differences in the personal vision of the two writers,but also reflects the evolution of“peasant imagination”under different historical conditions.

关 键 词：启蒙 讽谕 鲁迅 赵树理 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]