猕猴桃树液流变化特征及对环境因子的响应  

Sap Flow Characteristics of Kiwifruit Tree and Its Response to Environmental Factors

作　　者：李宗阳 赵璐[3] 邢立文[3] 崔宁博[3] 蔡焕杰[1,2] LI Zongyang;ZHAO Lu;XING Liwen;CUI Ningbo;CAI Huanjie(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Water Resource and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区农业节水研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]四川大学水利水电学院,成都610000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第11期11-18,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52109060)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究猕猴桃树液流变化特征及对环境因子的响应。【方法】利用热扩散插针式液流计监测关中平原地区猕猴桃树液流规律,分析猕猴桃树液流与环境因子间的关系。【结果】猕猴桃树日均液流速率在全生育期呈明显单峰型变化,最大值出现在果实膨大期为11.00 cm/h;最小值出现在抽梢展叶期为0.18 cm/h;各生育期小时尺度液流速率峰值表现为:果实膨大期>果实成熟期>开花坐果期>抽梢展叶期;不同天气条件下液流速率峰值表现为:晴天>阴天>雨天;果树日均液流速率与空气温度、水汽压差亏缺和太阳净辐射极显著正相关;太阳净辐射对猕猴桃树液流的直接作用最大,土壤体积含水率主要是通过太阳净辐射、空气温度和土壤温度的共同作用影响植物液流;气象因子与液流速率间存在明显的时滞效应,液流速率与太阳净辐射的时滞为-30 min,与湿度的时滞为60 min,与空气温度和水汽压差亏缺的时滞均为90 min。【结论】猕猴桃树在果实膨大期蒸腾最大,消耗水分最多,应注意在果实膨大期猕猴桃的土壤状况,及时补水。晴朗天气下猕猴桃树在12:00—16:00液流最大,此时果树蒸发较大,应避开这个时间段进行灌水,减少蒸腾造成的灌水损失。【Objective】To explore the variation characteristics of kiwifruit sap flow and its response to environmental factors.【Method】The thermal diffusion pin-type sap flow meter was used to monitor the sap flow law of kiwifruit trees in Guanzhong Plain,and the relationship between the sap flow of kiwifruit tree and environmental factors was analyzed.【Result】The daily-scale sap flow of kiwifruit tree showed a significant single-peak change during the whole growth period.The maximum value was 11.00 cm/h,which appeared in the fruit expansion period,and the minimum value was 0.18 cm/h,which appeared in the leaf expansion period.The peak value of hourly-scale sap flowrate in each growth period was:fruit expansion period>fruit maturity period>flowering and fruit setting period>shoot expansion period.The peak value of sap flow rate under different weather conditions was:sunny day>cloudy day>rainy day.The daily average sap flow rate of fruit tree was significantly positively correlated with air temperature,water vapor pressure deficit and net solar radiation,and the correlation coefficients were 0.842,0.749 and 0.713,respectively.The results of path analysis showed that the net solar radiation had the greatest direct effect on the sap flow of kiwifruit tree,and the soil volumetric water content mainly affected the plant sap flow through the combined effect of net solar radiation,air temperature and soil temperature.There is an obvious time lag effect between meteorological factors and liquid flow rate.The time lag between liquid flow rate and solar net radiation is-30 min,the time lag between liquid flow rate and humidity is 60 min,and the time lag between liquid flow rate and air temperature and water vapor pressure deficit is 90 min.【Conclusion】The transpiration and water consumption of kiwifruit treeduring fruit expansion period were the largest,so attention should be paid to the soil water status of kiwifruittreeduring thisperiod.In sunny weather,the sap flow of kiwifruit tree is the largest from 12:00 to 16:

关 键 词：猕猴桃树 液流 环境因子 通径分析 时滞 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程]