西塞罗和马基雅维利政治道德观的分野与统一  

The Division and Unity of Cicero's and Machiavelli's Political Morality

作　　者：罗璁 陈墨天 Luo Cong;Chen Motian(School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijjing 100084;School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijjing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济管理学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《西部学刊》2023年第21期71-74,共4页Journal of Western

摘　　要：西塞罗和马基雅维利根据各自所面对的政治形势,在《论义务》和《君主论》《李维史论》中提出了不同的的政治道德观。西塞罗以高尚性作为行事的出发点,用四种基本德行来重构罗马的政治伦理,以挽救逐渐衰亡的共和制度;马基雅维利力图从失序的政治状态中创建正当且有效的政治统治,以政治领域的内在规律和逻辑作为自己的行为准则,因此他的政治道德论系统地颠覆了西塞罗所赞赏的道德价值。但西塞罗与马基雅维利的政治道德观并非传统意义上的大相径庭,而是在各自所处政治环境中,就当前最迫切问题所找到的最佳之策,两者都以建立或延续共和制度为根本目的,以国家利益为最终考量因素。According to their respective political situations,Cicero and Machiavelli put forward different political moral concepts in On Duty,On Monarchy,and On Livy's History,combined with the political situation of their times.Cicero,taking nobility as the starting point,reconstructed Roman political ethics with four basic vitues to save the declining republican system;Machiavelli tried to create a le-gitimate and effective political rule from the disordered political state,taking the internal laws and logic of the political field as his code of conduct,so his political ethics systematically subverted the moral values that Cicero admired.However,Cicero's and Machiavlli's polti-cal morality were not totally different in the traditional sense,but the best solutions to the most urgent issues found in their respective politi-cal environments.Both of them took the establishment or continuation of the republican system as the fundamental purpose and the national interest as the ultimate consideration.

关 键 词：高尚性 合宜性 必然性 例外 《论义务》 《君主论》 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]