一种基于马克思主义劳动价值论的美本质假说  

A Hypothesis on the Essence of Aesthetics Based on Marx's Labor Theory of Value

作　　者：牛永放 Niu Yongfang(Zoucheng Major Decision Promotion Service Center,Zoucheng 273500)

机构地区：[1]邹城市重大决策推进服务中心,邹城273500

出　　处：《西部学刊》2023年第22期156-168,共13页Journal of Western

摘　　要：应用马克思主义劳动价值论,可以提出一种关于美本质的假说,即在具有好的使用价值(即有益性)的前提下,美的本质就是价值,即社会必要劳动;美的程度即价值量,如果用劳动时间来量化,就是社会必要劳动时间。该假说既符合柏拉图在《大希庇阿斯篇》中对美的本质的要求,又能解释美的量化、美的形式的多样性、审美结果的普遍性与特殊性、审美的功利性与非功利性、审美的时长、审美活动中的情感及情感对审美活动的影响、悲剧与喜剧、自然美、科技美、体育美、艺术美、道德美、动物的审美等审美现象,还能解释美学理论中的模仿说、移情说、功利性与非功利性、普遍性、游戏说、直觉说、主观说、客观说、主客观统一说、实践说等学说,并为美育提供理论依据。如果针对文中所列审美现象及推论对大量人群开展统计,并得到相符合的统计结果,那么这将更有力地证明上述假说。By applying Marx's labor theory of value,a hypothesis can be put forward regarding the essence of aesthetics:under the premise of having good use value(i.e.utility),the essence of aesthetics is value,i.e.socially necessary labor.The degree of aesthetics is the quantity of value,which can be quantifed as socially necessary labor time if measured in units of labor time.This hypothesis meets Plato's requirements on the essence of beauty in the Platonis Opera while explaining various aesthetic phenomena such as the quantifcation and diversity of forms of beauty,universality and prticularity of aesthetic judgment,utilitarian and non-utilitarian aspects of aesthetics,duration of aesthetic appreciation,emotion in aesthetic activities and their impact,tragedy and comedy,natural beauty,technological beauty,sports aesthetics,art aesthetics,moral aesthetics,and animal aesthetics.It can also explain major theories in aesthetics such as imitation theory,aesthetic empathy,uilitrianism and non-utitarianism,universality,game theory,intuition theory,subjectivity theory,objectivity theory,unified subject-object theory,and practice theory.It provides a theoretical basis for aesthetics education.If large-scale statistical studies are conducted on the listed aesthetie phenomena and inferences,and consistent statistical results are obtained,it will fur-ther stengthen the aforementioned bhypothesis.

关 键 词：美的本质 劳动价值论 社会必要劳动 难度 

分 类 号：B83-02[哲学宗教—美学]