国家的“视力”:技术革命与国家信息能力建构  

The Vision of the State:Technological Revolution and State Information Capacity Building

作　　者：吕俊延 刘燚飞 LüJunyan;Liu Yifei

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院,上海市200092 [2]北京大学政府管理学院,北京市100872

出　　处：《政治学研究》2023年第5期97-113,M0005,共18页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“党的十八大以来党领导社会建设的实践与经验研究”(22ZDA089);同济大学人工智能伦理、法律与治理交叉课题“基于典型场景的社区治理智能化技术路径与风险防控研究”(44202150003/001)的研究成果。

摘　　要：信息是国家能力建构的核心维度之一。国家信息能力是国家辨识其治下公民及其活动状况的能力,关涉到国家“看到”并“看懂”社会的广度与深度。技术革命是影响国家信息能力建构的关键变量,历次技术革命使国家掌控的组织性技术和物理性技术迭代更新,也深刻改变了国家与社会关系。经过农业革命、工业革命和信息革命,在社群机制、科层机制和平台机制的依次主导下,国家“视力”历经模糊到清晰再到高清的连续谱。国家信息能力的逐级攀升,使得国家与社会的联结方式从疏离到交叠再到融合,也延展了国家职能的范围。不过,国家信息能力的高度强化在提升治理效能的同时,也可能造成国家职能过度负载和社会自治运作不振。因此,国家信息能力的建构要把握好清晰与模糊之间的张力与平衡。在数字化的浪潮下,国家应克制过度理性化的追求,给予社会力量适当的活动空间,从而建设一个兼顾秩序与活力的均衡国家。Information is one of the core dimensions of state capacity building.State information capacity is the ability of a state to identify its citizens and their activities,which is related to the breadth and depth of the society that the state“sees”and“understands”.The innovation of technological means is a key variable affecting the building of the state information capacity.Successive technological revolutions have renewed the organizational and physical technologies controlled by the state and profoundly changed the relationship between the state and society.As the evolution of agricultural revolution,industrial revolution and information revolution,the state's vision has correspondingly gone through a continuous spectrum from fuzziness to clarity and then to high⁃definition,in the dominance of the community mechanism,administration mechanism and platform mechanism.The step⁃by⁃step rise of the state information capacity has enabled the connection between the state and society to move from detachment to overlap to integration and has extended the scope of state functions.While the strong state information capacity enhances the effectiveness of governance,it may also result in overloading of state functions and dysfunction of social autonomy.Therefore,the building of state information capacity should grasp the tension and balance between clarity and ambiguity.Under the wave of digitalization,the state should restrain the pursuit of extreme rationalization,curb the urge of power omnipotence and excessive intervention,and leave some appropriate space for the society,so as to build a balanced state with both order and vitality.

关 键 词：国家能力 技术革命 数字技术 国家信息能力 信息政治 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] D035[政治法律—政治学]