政治学方法论与历史观问题  

The Problem of Political Methodology and Historical View

作　　者：杨光斌[1] Yang Guangbin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京市100872

出　　处：《政治学研究》2023年第5期154-168,M0007,共16页CASS Journal of Political Science

摘　　要：一百多年来,中国政治学学科与各个时期的政治制度之间一直存在或隐或现的紧张关系,其根本原因在于政治学方法论具有塑造史观的功能,而外源性史观与具有高度历史连续性的中国政治之间存在着内在张力。政治学的传统的“三大方法”致力于“求变”:制度主义方法论和理性选择主义方法论塑造的史观试图改变“中国性”,阶级分析方法论起到拯救中国的作用但因放大其冲突论而曾招致政治动荡。“中国之治”是固本革新的产物,如何解释这一人类历史上的重大事件是政治学的当务之急。本文主张在“找回阶级分析”并弘扬其整合性功能的同时,发掘基于中国历史文明和政治实践的“中国性方法”的历史政治学,以此在研究重大议程中重塑史观,回归政治学的“求治”之道。For more than one hundred years,there has always been a tension between the Chinese discipline of political science and Chinese political system in various periods.The fundamental reason is that political methodology has the function of shaping historical views,while there is an internal tension between exogenous historical views and Chinese politics which characterized by a high degree of historical continuity.The three general methodologies of political science are committed to“seeking change”:the historical view shaped by institutionalism and rational choice methodologies tries to change the“Chineseness”;the class analysis approach plays a role in saving China but has caused political turmoil by amplifying its conflict theory.However,China's effective governance is the product of adherence to Chinese historical line with proper innovation,and how to explain this major event in human history is the urgent task of political science.This paper proposes to bring the class analysis back in while promoting its integrated function,and at the same time explores the“Chinese method”of historical political science based on Chinese historical civilization and political practice,so as to reshape historical views in the major research agenda and bring political science back to“seeking good governance”.

关 键 词：政治学方法论 历史观 制度主义 理性选择主义 阶级分析 历史政治学 

分 类 号：K01[历史地理—历史学] D0[政治法律—政治学]