跨国公司海外R&D绿地投资的时空动态及影响因素  

Spatio-temporal dynamics and influencing factors of overseas R&D greenfield investments by multinational corporations

作　　者：李庭竹 杜德斌[1,2] 杨文龙 黄晓东 LI Tingzhu;DU Debin;YANG Wenlong;HUANG Xiaodong(Institute for Global Innovation and Development,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Institute of World Economy,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Information Engineering University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [3]上海社会科学院世界经济研究所,上海200020 [4]信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第11期2881-2898,共18页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA087)。

摘　　要：作为R&D全球化的表现形式之一,跨国公司海外R&D投资是推动创新资源在世界范围内流动的重要途径。本文基于全球跨境绿地投资数据,借助GIS空间技术以及统计模型等方法,对2003—2020年跨国公司海外R&D绿地投资的时空动态及影响因素进行分析。研究发现:①2003—2020年跨国公司海外R&D绿地投资总体呈非线性、不平稳的增长态势,并伴有周期性波动的阶段特征。②跨国公司海外R&D绿地投资始终以制造业为主导,行业结构发育稳定,但不同行业海外R&D投资的国别构成差异明显。③跨国公司海外R&D绿地投资的空间异质性有所降低,来源国空间分布基本锁定以北美-西欧为主导的“双核”格局,目的国空间分布呈现印度-中国-北美三足鼎立格局。④跨国公司海外R&D绿地投资的空间联系范围逐步扩散,虽然仍以由北美-欧盟-东亚形成的“大三角”格局为主,但在以中国和印度为核心的发展中国家推动下已出现全球“多极化”发展趋势。⑤生产支撑、资源寻求、技术追踪等属性要素,以及语言、历史文化和经济邻近性要素是驱动跨国公司海外R&D绿地投资的重要动力,地理邻近性失效。As one of the manifestations of economic globalization,R&D globalization of multinational corporations(MNCs)has become an important way for innovation resources to flow in the world.Overseas R&D investment by MNCs is the main manifestation of R&D globalization.Meanwhile,overseas R&D greenfield investment can reduce the cost and risk brought by knowledge differences,while being able to transfer tacit knowledge more effectively and help promote knowledge sharing and technology integration in the internal network of MNCs,which is one of the better ways to invest in overseas R&D.This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial dynamics and influencing factors of MNCs'R&D globalization from 2003 to 2020 based on MNCs'overseas R&D greenfield investment data,with the help of GIS spatial method and statistical models.The main findings are as follows.(1)The overall growth trend of overseas R&D greenfield investment by MNCs from 2003 to 2020 is non-linear and unstable,and accompanied by cyclical fluctuations of the stage characteristics,forming two stages of gentle rise and drastic fluctuation changes.(2)MNCs'overseas R&D greenfield investments have always been dominated by manufacturing industries,with stable industry structure development,and have not shown obvious changing characteristics,but the country composition of overseas R&D greenfield investments in different industries varies significantly.(3)The spatial scope of overseas R&D greenfield investment by MNCs gradually spreads,and the spatial distribution of source countries basically locks in the"dual-core"pattern led by North America and Western Europe,while the spatial distribution of destination countries shows a triple pattern of India,China and North America.(4)Although still dominated by the"grand triangle"pattern formed by North America,EU and East Asia,the spatial linkage of overseas R&D greenfield investments by MNCs has gradually spread,tending to be complicated and networked,but has been promoted by the Asia-Pacific region with China and India as the core.T

关 键 词：跨国公司 R&D 海外绿地投资 时空格局 影响因素 

分 类 号：F276.7[经济管理—企业管理] F273.1[经济管理—国民经济]