生物炭施用5 a后对桂北桉树人工林土壤有机氮组分和活性氮的影响  

Effects of Biochar Application on Soil Organic Nitrogen Component and Active Nitrogen in Eucalyptus Plantations After Five Years in Northern Guangxi

作　　者：曹杨 沈育伊[3] 陈运霜 王紫卉 牟芝熠 徐广平[2] 张德楠[2] 孙英杰[2] 毛馨月 CAO Yang;SHEN Yu-yi;CHEN Yun-shuang;WANG Zi-hui;MOU Zhi-yi;XU Guang-ping;ZHANG De-nan;SUN Ying-jie;MAO Xin-yue(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin,College of Life Sciences,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain,Guangxi Institute of Botany,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guilin 541006,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals and Sustainable Utilization,Guangxi Institute of Botany,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guilin 541006,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学生命科学学院,广西漓江流域景观资源保育与可持续利用重点实验室,桂林541006 [2]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室,桂林541006 [3]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西植物功能物质与资源持续利用重点实验室,桂林541006 [4]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,桂林541006

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第11期6235-6247,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42267007,31760162);广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFBA297048,2018GXNSFAA050069);广西重点研发计划项目(AB21220057);广西漓江流域景观资源保育与可持续利用重点实验室研究基金项目(LRCSU21K0203);广西科学院基本科研业务费(CQZ-E-1912);广西植物研究所基本业务费(桂植业202203);广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室基金项目(22-035-26)。

摘　　要：研究施用不同量生物炭5 a后桉树人工林土壤有机氮组分和活性氮特征,探讨土壤有机氮组分和活性氮之间的关系,明确生物炭不同施用量下土壤的供氮潜力,为桉树林业废弃物生物炭的实践应用提供科学依据.利用开始于2017年的桉树人工林生物炭中长期定位试验,选取CK(0%)、T1(0.5%)、T2(1.0%)、T3(2%)、T4(4%)和T5(6%)这6个处理,一次性施用生物炭5 a后测定不同处理下有机氮组分、微生物生物量氮和溶解性有机氮含量.结果表明:(1)与对照相比,随着生物炭施用量的增加,不同土层全氮、酸解总氮、酸解铵态氮、酸解氨基酸态氮、微生物生物量氮、溶解性有机氮和氮储量含量均呈递增趋势,增幅分别为45.48%~156.32%、44.31%~171.31%、38.06%~223.37%、39.42%~163.32%、36.72%~109%、23.27%~113.51%和29.45%~62.37%,在T5处理最大;未知态氮和非酸解态氮含量总体亦呈增加的趋势,增幅分别为88.41%~158.71%和50.24%~139.01%;酸解氨基糖态氮含量趋于降低,降幅为7.72%~32.73%.不同处理下有机氮各形态的分布趋势大小为:酸解铵态氮>酸解氨基酸态氮>非酸解态氮>酸解未知态氮>酸解氨基糖态氮,生物炭施用处理增加了酸解总氮含量及其占全氮的比例.(2)除了酸解未知态氮之外,土壤有机氮其它组分和活性氮含量均随着土层的加深而递减.(3)土壤全氮、微生物生物量氮和溶解性有机氮均与酸解总氮、非酸解态氮和氮储量之间存在显著的正相关关系.主成分分析表明:容重与酸解氨基糖态氮;全氮与酸解未知态氮;酸解氨基酸态氮与酸解总氮间的关系均较为密切.综上,林业废弃物生物炭施用5 a后,显著增加了桉树林土壤有机氮组分和活性氮含量,有利于提高土壤氮素的供应能力;酸解总氮、酸解铵态氮和酸解氨基酸态氮对土壤活性氮有重要贡献.The objective of this study was to research the characteristics of fractions of organic nitrogen and active nitrogen and their relationship under different biochar applications and to provide a basis for the preparation and practical application of biochar from Eucalyptus forest wastes.In a long-term positioning test of biochar application from 2017,six different treatments were selected:0(CK),0.5%(T1),1%(T2),2%(T3),4%(T4),and 6%(T5).The contents of soil organic nitrogen components,total nitrogen(TN),dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)following the different treatments were measured.The results showed that:(1)compared with that of the control,with the increase in biochar application,the contents of soil TN,acidolysis of total organic nitrogen(AHON),ammonia nitrogen(AN),amino acid nitrogen(AAN),MBN,DON,and nitrogen storage(NS)increased significantly by 45.48%-156.32%,44.31%-171.31%,38.06%-223.37%,39.42%-163.32%,36.72%-109%,23.27%-113.51%,and 29.45%-62.37%,respectively.The contents of soil hydrolyzable unknown nitrogen(HUN)and non-hydrolyzable nitrogen(NHN)also increased significantly by 88.41%-158.71%and 50.24%-139.01%,respectively.The contents of soil amino sugar nitrogen(ASN)decreased by 7.72%-32.73%.The contents of different forms of organic nitrogen fractions in all treatments displayed an order of AN>AAN>NHN>HUN>ASN.Compared with the no biochar treatment,each biochar treatment increased the contents and proportion of AHON in the TN.(2)With the exception of HUN,the contents of other soil organic nitrogen components and active nitrogen content decreased with the increase in soil depth.(3)There were significantly positive correlations between TN,MBN,and DON and AHON,NHN,and NS contents.The principal component analysis showed that bulk density and ASN and TN and HUN,AAN,DON,and AHON were closely related,respectively.In conclusion,the application of forestry waste biochar for five years could significantly increase the content of soil organic nitrogen component and active nitrogen,t

关 键 词：生物炭 有机氮组分 酸解性氮(AHN) 活性氮 桉树人工林 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]