典型煤炭产业园区土壤重金属污染对细菌群落结构的影响  

Ecological Responses of Soil Bacterial Communities to Heavy Metal Contamination Surrounding a Typical Coal-based Industrial Region

作　　者：郑丹凤 刘娣 苏超 张红[3] ZHENG Dan-feng;LIU Di;SU Chao;ZHANG Hong(Institute of Loess Plateau,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Loess Plateau,Taiyuan 030006,China;College of Environmental&Resource Sciences,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原C030006 [2]黄土高原生态恢复山西省重点实验室,太原030006 [3]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第11期6354-6361,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1910207,42107420);山西省应用基础研究计划项目(20210302124363)。

摘　　要：煤炭产业活动可导致一定程度的土壤重金属污染,进而影响土壤微生物群落的正常组成区系.选取山西省襄垣县典型煤炭产业园区土壤为研究对象,系统解析4种不同类型企业(采煤厂、选煤厂、化工厂和燃煤电厂)和2种对照样地(村庄、公园)周边土壤的基本理化性质、重金属含量和酶活性的差异特征,基于高通量测序技术识别土壤细菌群落的结构,采用相关分析和冗余分析探究土壤细菌群落结构与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明,研究区土壤均为碱性,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb和Hg等8种重金属的含量均高于山西省土壤元素背景值,其中As、Cd和Pb的超标倍数较高,但均未超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618-2018)的风险筛选值.不同样地土壤纤维素酶和碱性磷酸酶活性存在显著差异(P<0.05),它们分别在化工厂和公园土壤中活性最高.研究区土壤细菌群落的优势菌群为放线菌门(Actinobacteria),在化工厂周边土壤中相对丰度最大;其次为变形菌门(Proteobacteria).Cd、总碳、总氮和碱性磷酸酶活性是影响土壤细菌群落的显著环境因子,且主要影响着酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)的分布和丰度.研究结果可为煤炭产业园区土壤重金属污染修复提供理论依据.Microbial communities in the soil might be affected by heavy metal contamination caused by anthropogenic activities associated with the coal-based industry.This study analyzed the differences in soil physicochemical properties,heavy metal concentrations,and enzyme activities surrounding different coal-based industrial fields(coal mining industry,coal preparation industry,coal-based chemical industry,and coal-fired power industry)in Shanxi Province,North China.Moreover,soil samples from farmland and parks away from all the industrial plants were collected as references.Based on the 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing,we identified the composition of soil bacterial communities.Spearman correlation and redundancy analyses were used to explore the relationships between soil bacterial communities and environmental factors.The results showed that the concentrations of most heavy metals were greater than the local background values,particularly for As,Pb,and Cd,but they did not exceed the risk screening values of Soil Environment Quality:Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agriculture Land(GB 15618-2018).There were significant differences in soil cellulase and alkaline phosphatase activities among sampling fields.Actinobacteria was the predominant bacterial phyla,with the highest relative abundance surrounding the coal-based chemical plants,followed by Proteobacteria.The soil bacterial communities were significantly affected by Cd,total carbon,total nitrogen,and alkaline phosphatase activity.This study could provide a foundation for the ecological remediation of the coal-based industrial region in the future.

关 键 词：煤炭产业 土壤 重金属 土壤酶活性 细菌群落结构 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]