现实社会的永恒启明星——纪念马克思逝世140周年  

The Eternal Phosphor in Real Society:Commemorating the 140th Anniversary of Marx’s Passing

作　　者：叶书宗[1] 叶天楠 YE Shuzong;YE Tiannan(School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234;Shanghai Youth College of Management,Shanghai 200081)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234 [2]上海青年管理干部学院,上海200081

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2023年第5期79-89,共11页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：马克思创立了辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义世界观。他立足于现实社会,把对现实社会的批判与政治斗争结合起来。他在肯定资本主义制度历史进步作用的同时,剖析了资本主义的制度性矛盾,揭示了现代产业工人阶级是资本主义制度的掘墓人,指出工人革命的第一步是建立本阶级的独立政党,在无产阶级政党领导下夺取政权,建立无产阶级专政的社会主义国家,然后逐步过渡到共产主义社会。20世纪,落后的东方被推到社会革命的前列。列宁根据俄国的具体国情,组建以职业革命家为核心的工人阶级革命政党,提出社会主义革命可以在一国首先胜利,之后实行商品经济、间接过渡到社会主义的一整套完整学说,实现了马克思主义俄国化,创建了世界上第一个社会主义国家——苏联,并很快将苏联建设成为社会主义工业化大国。半殖民地半封建的中国,走俄国人的路,成立中国共产党。中国共产党将马克思主义中国化,建立了新中国,实现了从半殖民地半封建社会到民族独立、人民当家作主的新社会,从高度集中的计划经济体制到社会主义市场经济体制、全方位开放的历史性转变。半个多世纪以来,中国从落后的农业国一举跃进为作为世界第二大经济体的社会主义现代化国家,实现了历史的跨越式发展。新时代的中国将再创中华文明的新辉煌。Marx created the worldview of dialectical and historical materialism.Based on the real society,he combined the criticism of it with political struggle.While affirming the historical progress of the capitalist system,he analyzed its institutional contradictions,revealed that modern industrial working class was its gravedigger,and pointed out that the first step of the workers’revolution was to establish an independent political party of its own class,seize political power under the leadership of the proletarian political party,establish a socialist country under proletarian dictatorship,and gradually transit to communist society.In the 20th century,the backward East was pushed to the forefront of social revolution.Based on the specific national conditions of Russia,Lenin formed a working class revolutionary party with professional revolutionists at the core,proposed a complete set of theories that socialist revolution can firstly triumph in a country and indirectly transit to socialism by implementing commodity economy.The adaption of Marxism to Russian context created the world’s first socialist country,the Soviet Union,and quickly built it into a socialist industrialized country.China,as a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country,took the Russian road and founded the CPC.The Party adapted Marxism to the Chinese context,established the People’s Republic of China,realized the historic transformation from a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country to a new society with national independence and the people as masters,and then transit from a highly centralized planned economic system to a socialist market economic system with all-round opening up.Over the past more than half a century,China has leapt from a backward agricultural country to a socialist modern country as the world’s second largest economy and achieved historical leapfrog development.China will create new brilliance for Chinese civilization in the new era.

关 键 词：马克思 共产主义社会 列宁 马克思主义俄国化 毛泽东 马克思主义中国化 跨越式发展 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]