不同稻蟹共作模式下寒区稻田土壤微生物的高通量测序研究  

High-throughput Sequencing of Soil Microorganisms in Paddy Fields Under Different Rice Crab Co-cropping Models in Cold Region

作　　者：刘金雨 张瑞 罗亮[1] 王世会[1] 郭坤 白庆利[1] 徐伟[1] 赵志刚[1] LIU Jinyu;ZHANG Rui;LUO Liang;WANG Shihui;GUO Kun;BAI Qingi;XU Wei;ZHAO Zhigang(Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江省冷水性鱼类种质资源及增养殖重点开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2023年第5期118-124,130,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划蓝色粮仓专项(2020YFD0900304);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2020TD56、2021XT05、2019XT0502)。

摘　　要：在黑龙江省绥化市国家级稻渔综合种养示范区的9个稻田单元分别设置了稻田单作(CK)、稻蟹共作(RC)和稻-蟹-鳅共作(RCL)3种模式,每种模式3个重复,每个稻田单元的面积均为300 m^(2),水稻种植品种为“绥粳4号”。采用高通量测序技术分析了3种模式稻田表层土壤的微生物群落结构和多样性特征及其影响因素。稻蟹模式放养河蟹体质量为(21.45±1.45)g,放养密度为500 ind./667 m^(2);稻-蟹-鳅模式,河蟹体质量为(21.45±1.45)g,放养密度为350 ind./667 m^(2),泥鳅体质量为(0.47±0.07)g/ind.,放养密度为2 223 ind./667m^(2)。养殖期间投喂配合饲料,饲养管理方式一致。2020年9月10日收获河蟹与泥鳅,9月20日收割水稻。结果显示:不同模式的9个土壤样品共包含了6 404个OTUs,分属细菌59个门,1 093个属,2 245个种。韦恩图显示,CK模式特有375个OTUs、RC模式特有359个OTUs、RCL模式特有453个OTUs。3种模式的主要优势菌门均为绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)。RC和RCL土壤细菌的ACE指数、Chao指数和Shannon指数均高于水稻单作,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。PCo A分析图显示,RC和RCL与CK分别在不同区域聚类。研究初步揭示:稻-蟹共作和稻-蟹-鳅共作能够在一定程度上改变寒区稻田的土壤细菌群落结构,增加土壤细菌的丰富度和多样性。Mon-rice cropping mode(CK),rice-crab co-cropping mode(RC)and rice-crab-loach co-cropping(RCL)modes were set up in nine rice field units in Suihua National Rice Fishery Integrated Planting and Breeding Demonstration Area,Heilongjiang Province.The characteristics and effects of microbial community structure and diversity in paddy soil were evaluated under different co-cropping patterns in cold region.Each mode has three replicates,and each rice field unit has an area of 300 m^(2).The rice variety is"Suijing 4".The Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)with body mass of(21.45±1.45)g was reared at stocking density of 500 ind./667 m^(2) in RC mode,and harvested on September 20,2020.The Chinese mitten crab with body mass of(21.45±1.45)g was reared at stocking density of 350 ind./667 m^(2),co-cultured with loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)with body mass of(0.47±0.07)g/ind.at stocking density of 2,223 ind./667 m2 and harvested on September 20,2020 in RCL mode.During the culture period,formu-lated diet was fed,and the same management process was conducted in all the rice field units.The results showed that the 9 soil sam-ples of different models contained 6,404 OTUs,belonging to 59 phyla,1,093 genera and 2,245 species.The Venn diagram showed that the specific OTU number was 375 for CK,359 for RC and 453 for RCL.Chloroflexi,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidota,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Acidobacteria and Desulfobacterota were of the main dominant bacteria in the three modes.There were higher ACE index,Chao index and Shannon index of soil bacteria in RC and RCL than those in CK,without significant difference(P>0.05).PCoA re-vealed that RC,RCL and CK were clustered in different regions.The findings indicated that rice-crab co-cropping and rice-crab-loach co-cropping led to change the soil bacterial community structure and to increase the richness and diversity of soil bacteria.

关 键 词：稻-蟹共作模式 稻-蟹-鳅共作模式 稻田土壤微生物 高通量测序 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]