美国博士学位获得者职业选择的结构特征与演进趋势解析  

Analysis of the Structural Characteristics and Evolution Trend of Career Choice of American Earned Doctorates

作　　者：胡德鑫 王君 HU Dexin;WANG Jun

机构地区：[1]天津大学教育学院 [2]天津大学研究生教育中心

出　　处：《西北工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期69-78,共10页Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：天津市教委社科重大项目“研究生教育质量评价体系研究与实践”(2020JWZD48)。

摘　　要：基于博士学位获得者调查(SED)的相关数据,探究美国博士学位获得者职业选择的结构特征与演进趋势。结果显示:从毕业去向来看,选择直接就业的博士学位获得者比例降幅达到13%,理工科下降幅度高于人文社科;从留美情况来看,与其他国家相比,我国在美国学习的博士学位获得者留美率相对较高;从就业单位性质来看,学术界仍然是博士学位获得者的职业首选,但趋势在走低,从1991年的52.1%下降到2021年的35.9%,与之相比,工商界愈发受到青睐,特别是近十年所占比例已由26.9%上升到43.2%;从就业岗位来看,博士学位获得者就业岗位的选择比较集中,以研发和教学岗位为主,总占比保持在70%以上;从薪酬分布来看,选择工商界的博士学位获得者薪酬远高于学术界,年薪酬中位数差距最大高达4.9万美元。基于此,进一步指出未来推进我国博士生教育改革的行动路径。Based on relevant data from the Survey of Earned Doctorates(SED),this study explores the structural characteristics and evolution trend of career choices among earned doctorates in the US.The results show that the proportion of earned doctorates who choose direct employment has decreased by 13%,and the decline in science and engineering is higher than that in humanities and social sciences.Compared to other countries,China has a relatively high rate of doctoral degree recipients who choose to stay in America.From the perspective of the nature of employer,academic organizations are still the preferred career choice for earned doctorates,with a descending trend though,from 52.1%in 1991 to 35.9%in 2021.In contrast,the business sector is increasingly favored,especially in the past decade,from 26.9%to 43.2%.Earned doctorates have a relatively concentrated selection of employment positions,mainly in research,development,and teaching,with a steady total proportion of over 70%.Earned doctorates in the business sector receive much higher salaries than those in academic organizations,with a median annual salary gap of up to$49000.Based on above,the authors further point out the action path for promoting the reform of China’s doctoral education in the future.

关 键 词：美国 博士生教育 职业选择 结构特征 演进趋势 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]