戏房形成考  

An Examination of the Formation of the Backstage in Chinese Theatre

作　　者：陈佳宁 CHEN Jia-ning

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《戏剧艺术》2023年第5期109-119,I0006,共12页Theatre Arts

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金青年项目“戏剧文物于宋金戏剧形态新证”(23CZW019)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：戏房,又称“后台”,与用于表演的“前台”相对,是舞台极为关键的一部分。虽然戏房形成的原因和过程在传世文献中并未记载,但借助与戏房相关的文物,可以得知其与傀儡戏的演出方式密切相关。最直观的反映是含有戏房的舞台和傀儡戏戏棚的形式一致,都以帷幕或屏风分隔出台前幕后。此外,在产生时间、戏房功能和称谓等方面也可证明这一点。而真正将傀儡戏和戏剧表演牵系起来的媒介是肉傀儡,肉傀儡受到假人傀儡的影响,使用帷幕分隔出表演区和操控区,而宋元戏剧又受到肉傀儡的影响,也在舞台上设置帷幕区分前后台,戏房便由此诞生了。揭示戏房形成的经过,不仅能推进宋代表演场所的研究,也为宋代不同戏剧种类间的互动提供了一则实例。Xìfáng,or“backstage”,physically opposite to the“front stage”performance area,is a critical part of the whole stage.Although the reasons for and the process of the formation of the backstage are not recorded in the historical literature,it can be deduced from relative cultural relics that the backstage is closely related to the performance mode of puppet theatre.The most obvious evidence is that theatre stages with a backstage share a similar layout with puppet theatre sheds:the front stage is separated from the backstage by curtains or painted screens;this similarity can also be demonstrated in terms of the date of formation,the function and the naming of the theatre backstage.The medium that links puppetry and theatrical performance is the body puppet.Influenced by puppetry,the body puppet uses the curtain to separate the performance area from the control area;as Song and Yuan drama is influenced by the body puppet,the curtain is put on the stage to distinguish the front and the back stage,giving birth to the backstage.Revealing the process of theatre backstage formation is not only beneficial to promoting the study of the Song dynasty performance areas,but also provides an example of the interaction between different theatre genres in the Song dynasty.

关 键 词：戏房 形成 肉傀儡 戏棚 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]