低自尊还是高“他尊”?高、低社交焦虑者的不同内隐自尊特性——来自EAST的证据  

Low Self-esteem or High'Other-esteem’? Differential Nature of Implicit Self-esteem in High and Low Socially Anxious Individuals: Evidence from EAST Study

作　　者：路翠萍 郑希付 LU Cuiping;ZHENG Xifu(Center of Mental Health,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051;School of Psychology,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631)

机构地区：[1]中北大学心理健康教育中心,太原030051 [2]华南师范大学心理学院,广州510631

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2023年第6期808-816,共9页Psychological Development and Education

摘　　要：采用简版负性评价恐惧量表和青少年社交焦虑量表对627名高中生进行施测,筛选出社交焦虑高分组和低分组,运用外部情感西蒙任务(Extrinsic Affective Simon Task,EAST)测量两组被试对自我和对他人的态度,探讨高、低社交焦虑者的内隐自尊特性。结果表明,高、低社交焦虑者存在截然不同的内隐“自我-他人”态度。具体表现在:(1)高、低社交焦虑者均有显著积极的内隐自尊;低社交焦虑者有显著消极的内隐“他尊”,而高社交焦虑者的消极内隐“他尊”并不显著;(2)高社交焦虑者的积极内隐自尊和消极内隐“他尊”均显著弱于低社交焦虑者,高社交焦虑者的自我偏爱程度较弱。研究表明,社交焦虑个体的内隐自尊特性是:相对低的内隐自尊(对自己积极不足)、相对高的内隐“他尊”(不消极看待他人),可能正是这种削弱的自我偏爱倾向,才是其核心症结。In the past few years,an Implicit Association Test(IAT)was used to assess socially anxious individuals'self-esteem and the results showed that non,as well as anxious individuals had a high implicit self-attitude.However,due to its relative nature and its sensitivity to task recoding task,IAT can only measure a relative attitude toward oneself.So the present study used a non-relative measure(the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task,EAST)that developed by De Houwer(2003)to explore the nature of implicit self-esteem as well as the differences of implicit self-attitude and other-attitude between the high and low socially anxious individuals.44 high and 41 low socially anxious individuals were asked to complete the EAST.The present study focused on the implicit self-esteem as well as their general evaluation of others('other-esteem').The results indicated that:(1)Both groups had highly positive implicit self-esteem.Low socially anxious individuals displayed significantly negative'other-esteem',but not for individuals with high social anxiety.There were significant differences between self and other attitudes in high and low groups;(2)High social anxious group had significantly lower positive implicit self-esteem(p<0.05),but significantly higher'other-esteem'than the low social anxious group(p<0.05).Thus the degree of self-favouring was considerably weaker in high than in low socially anxious individuals(p<0.01).By and large,this study clearly showed that socially anxious individuals had a relatively low positive self-esteem but no negative'other-esteem',so their self-favouring effects was particularly weak.Due to the lack of positive bias,high socially anxious individuals tend to be more objective and accurate in self and others cognition than low or non-anxious individuals.However,moderate positive bias of self enhancement can provide a self-protective mechanism that is beneficial to mental health.Individuals with social anxiety were characterized by the gap between attitude of self and others,and it may be this reduced te

关 键 词：社交焦虑 内隐自尊 外部情感西蒙任务(EAST) 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]