“道德动力学”视域下的“知行合一”  

The“Unity of Knowledge and Action”in the Perspective of“Moral Dynamics”

作　　者：杨泽波 Yang Zebo

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心,山东济南250100 [2]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《文史哲》2023年第6期113-120,164,共9页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学重点项目“儒家生生伦理学引论”(18AZX013);教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助(重大)项目“儒家生生伦理学研究”(16JHQ001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“道德动力学”是我在建构儒家生生伦理学过程中提出的一个概念,意在说明一门道德学说能够由知变为行,必须有充足的动能。这个概念对于解读阳明的知行合一有直接帮助。阳明提倡知行合一,缘于真切体会到朱子学说没有活力,孟子学说则含有强大动能。以“道德动力学”来判断,朱子学说没有活力,因其基础是智性;孟子学说有动能,因其基础是仁性。仁性是建基于生长倾向之上的伦理心境,这一特点决定了人是一个先在的道德存在,原本就有道德的要求,就有向善而趋的倾向。阳明真切探测到了个中奥秘,但限于历史条件,未能从上述高度将有关道理解说明白,某些表述也有欠准确。从阳明思想整体发展来看,知行合一实为一种有欠成熟的理论形态。“Moral Dynamics”is an important concept that the author introduced in the process of constructing Shengsheng Ethics of Confucianism which is based on the circle of life.It is intended to show that a moral theory must have sufficient kinetic energy to change from knowledge to action.This concept is directly useful for interpreting Wang Yangming's idea of the unity of knowledge and action.It shows that Yangming advocates the idea because he truly understood that Zhu Xi's doctrine lacks kinetic energy,while Menciusdoctrine contains strong kinetic energy.Zhu Xi's doctrine has no kinetic energy because it is based on intelligence;while Menciusdoctrine owns kinetic energy because it is based on the characteristic of benevolence,which is the ethical mentality based on the tendency of growth,and this characteristic determines that human is a pre-existing moral being,which originally has moral requirements and kinetic energy to move toward goodness.Yangming detected the mystery here,but limited by historical conditions,he failed to express the truth of it clearly,and instead of many inaccurate statements.In this sense,it can be said that the unity of knowledge and action is an immature theoretical form.

关 键 词：儒家生生伦理学 道德动力学 王阳明 知行合一 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学] B248.2