发展性阅读障碍儿童潜在的早期识别标志——节奏异常及其特点  

Potential early identification markers for children with developmental dyslexia: Atypical rhythm and its characteristics

作　　者：李运端 马小凤[1] 胡钰 LI Yunduan;MA Xiaofeng;HU Yu(Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province,School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省行为与心理健康重点实验室、西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2023年第12期2306-2318,共13页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：甘肃省“双一流”科研重点项目:“智能教育协同创新促进民族地区教育高质量发展”(GSSYLXM-01)。

摘　　要：发展性阅读障碍(Developmental dyslexia,DD)儿童的早期识别及干预对个人和社会发展都至关重要。语音意识缺陷是DD的核心缺陷,本质上由更基础的听觉加工缺陷所引起。节奏作为听觉加工的主要影响因素之一发生于个体生命早期,是儿童语言习得的关键指标之一。梳理已有研究发现,DD儿童表现出节奏异常的行为和神经特点,这些特点导致个体解码效率更低,阅读理解更吃力,书写质量也更差。DD儿童节奏能力异常可以预测其阅读加工层面的缺陷。因此,可考虑将节奏异常特点作为DD儿童正式入学前的潜在识别标志。未来研究可将节奏异常作为切入点,深入探究DD儿童节奏异常的个体差异以及汉语DD儿童节奏异常的特点和作用机制,为开发更具生态效度的节奏测量工具和提高DD的早期识别及干预效率提供实证及理论依据。Early identification and intervention of children with developmental dyslexia(DD)are critical to both individual and social development.The phonological awareness deficit is the core defect of DD,which is essentially caused by the more basic auditory processing deficit.Rhythm,as one of the main factors affecting auditory processing,occurs in early life and is one of the key indicators of children's language acquisition.Combing through previous studies,it is found that DD children show behavioral and neural characteristics of atypical rhythm,and these characteristics will lead to lower efficiency of individual decoding,more laborious reading,and poorer writing quality.Atypical rhythm perception in children with DD predicts deficits in reading.Therefore,atypical rhythm characteristics can be considered as potential identification markers for DD children before formal enrollment.Future studies can take atypical rhythm as the entry point,deeply explore the individual differences of atypical rhythm in DD children,actively explore the characteristics and mechanism of atypical rhythm in Chinese children,and provide empirical and theoretical basis for developing more ecological validity of rhythm measurement tools and improving the identification efficiency and intervention measures of DD.

关 键 词：发展性阅读障碍 早期识别标志 节奏异常 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]