正念在考试焦虑干预中的应用:基于NIH阶段模型的视角  

Enhancing mindfulness interventions for test anxiety:A perspective based on the NIH stage model

作　　者：徐少卿 刘兴华[2] 张会平[3] 李波[4] 唐信峰 渠改萍 鲍玉琴 赵俊萍 符仲芳 XU Shaoqing;LIU Xinhua;ZHANG Huiping;LI Bo;TANG Xinfeng;QU Gaiping;BAO Yuqin;ZHAO Junping;FU Zhongfang(Department of Education,Taiyuan University,Taiyuan 030012,China;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Department of psychology,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]太原学院教育系,太原030012 [2]北京大学心理与认知科学学院,北京100871 [3]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,北京100872 [4]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京100081 [5]中国人民大学心理学系,北京100872

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2023年第12期2380-2392,共13页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：考试焦虑导致诸多不良后果,而传统干预模式效果不够理想。正念的疗效获得广泛验证后,学界将其引入考试焦虑的干预中。NIH阶段模型(National Institutes of Health stage model)将心理干预措施的发展划分为基础研究、干预生成/细化、疗效检验、混合“疗效-实效”检验、实效检验、实施和传播6个阶段,其初衷旨在推动干预的实施和传播。基于该模型,首先分析正念影响考试焦虑的机制,尔后从“初步检验疗效”“完善优化干预模式”和“促进实施和传播”三个取向梳理现有考试焦虑的正念干预研究。最后,对照模型初衷,结合正念干预的特异性,提出未来研究应重视探索疗效机制、加强实用性研究、对正念干预的基本问题保持敏感(包括:完整的正念练习应包含开放监控、收集干预依从性数据、重视正念态度的学习、考虑东西方文化不同“自我观”的影响),以更好地促进干预的实施和传播。Because interventions to reduce test anxiety’s detrimental consequences have remained ineffective,the academic community has begun to introduce the concept of mindfulness into such interventions following the concept’s repeated validation.The NIH stage model,aimed at promoting the implementation and dissemination of psychological interventions,divides the development of interventions into six stages:basic research,intervention generation and refinement,efficacy testing,mixed efficacy−effectiveness testing,effectiveness testing,and implementation and dissemination.In our study,we therefore organized past studies on mindfulness-based interventions for test anxiety according to the NIH’s model.First,we explored the potential mechanism underlying mindfulness when it comes to treating test anxiety.Second,we summarized three dominant approaches,labeled“initial evaluation of treatment”,“refinement of intervention”,and“promotion of implementation and dissemination”,all rooted in previous evidence.Last,considering the NIH’s model and the uniqueness of mindfulness as an intervetion,we encourage future research focused on exploring the mechanism of change and implementing pragmatic research while being sensitive to four aspects of recent studies on mindfulness:the inclusion of open monitoring,the proper assessment of treatment adherence,increasing attention to how mindful attitudes are learned,and the possible influence of different understandings of self between Western and Eastern cultures.

关 键 词：考试焦虑 正念 NIH阶段模型 影响机制 实用性 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]