道家的文化基因——先秦道家与上古的氏族、部落及国家  

The Cultural Gene of Taoism--The Relationship between the Pre-Qin Taoism and the Ancient Clans,Tribes and States

作　　者：高华平 Gao Huaping(Institute of Philosophy,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学哲学研究所,广东广州510632

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第6期119-137,共19页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“先秦诸子与上古的氏族、部落及国家——先秦诸子远源考论”(23FZXB011)。

摘　　要：在《汉书·艺文志》著录的先秦道家二十六家七百三十四篇著作中,可确定属于宋、卫、陈、郑、齐、楚诸国者二十二家七百零一篇,占《汉书·艺文志》著录先秦道家总人数的84%以上、著作总篇数的95%以上。而宋、卫、陈、郑、齐、楚诸国之所以会产生如此众多的先秦道家人物和著作,是因为这些地区的基本民众乃上古颛顼氏之苗裔,在他们的基因中天然地具有某种“究天人之际,通古今之变”的“史官”意识。“道家者流,盖出于史官”,亦即“道家者流,盖出于颛顼氏(重、黎)天地之官”。源于颛顼氏的道家思想文化基因在陈、宋、楚三国有较纯正的传承,其故地流行的老庄道家多主“虚静无为”和“以自隐无名为务”;而在卫、郑、齐三国的道家则明显具有东夷文化和西部炎黄文化融合的特征,其道家思想亦在道家之“道”的名义下,寻求与儒、法、刑、名等各种思想的相互调适与融通。According to the 734 works by the 26 Taoists of the pre-Qin period collected in“Treatise on Literature”from Book of Han,it can be identified that 701 articles were written by the 22 Taoists of Song,Wei,Zheng,Chen,Qi and Chu,accounting for more than 84%of the total number of Taoists in the pre-Qin period and more than 96%of the total number of works collected in the book.The reason for the states of Song,Wei,Zheng,Chen,Qi and Chu producing so many pre-Qin Taoists and works was that the basic population in these areas descended from the ancient Zhuanxu clan,and there was some natural“historiographical”consciousness of“studying the relationship between heaven and man,and understanding the changes of the past and present”in their genes.“The stream of Taoists originated from historiographers”,which means“the stream of Taoists originated from the Zhuanxu(Chong,Li)clan,the officials of heaven and earth”.Since the ideological and cultural genes of Zhuanxu Taoism had a relatively pure inheritance in the three States of Chen,Song and Chu,the Taoism of Laozi and Zhuangzi's“empt iness and inaction”and“to be reclusive and nameless as a matter of business”were popular here in its origin.By contrast,the Taoism in the states of Wei,Zheng and Qi had the prominent characteristics of the fusion of Dongyi culture and western Yanhuang culture.Therefore,under the name of Taoism's“Tao”,the Taoists in this area also sought the mutual adjustment and integration with Confucianism,law,criminal law,name and other ideas.

关 键 词：道家 源流 氏族 部落 国家 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] B223[政治法律—中外政治制度] K22[哲学宗教—中国哲学] K820.9[历史地理—历史学]