技艺、表演与“总体性叙事”——基于印江县高台狮子灯的田野民族志考察  

Skills, Performance and “Holistic Narrative”: An Ethnographic Field Study of Lion Dance on High Stools in Yinjiang County

作　　者：陈正府 CHEN Zhengfu(School of Liberal Arts,Guizhou University of Finance and Economics,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州财经大学文学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（艺术版）》2023年第6期103-112,共10页Journal of Guizhou University Art Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金“西南民族手工艺价值利用与乡村文化振兴耦合机制研究”(项目编号:21XMZ007)。

摘　　要：狮舞艺术是一种“综合艺术”,体现出文化的“总体性”特征,并可视为传统中国社会中“礼俗互动”的一种“身体遗产”。各地狮舞文化背景不同,操演方式各异,但都对传统的主流叙事典故进行了相应的“在地化”转化,通过一系列身体技术、仪式活动与象征符号的运作,强化了本民族或本社区的集体记忆与自我认同,并成为人们驱邪逐魔、社群凝聚、送瑞祈福和娱人娱神的一种仪式化舞蹈行为。贵州省印江县徐家寨高台狮子灯艺术,融当地舞蹈、武术、杂技、鼓乐、傩戏、巫术以及儒、道、释为一体,体现了“舞武乐技”的密不可分;徐家寨高台狮子灯艺术将狮舞文化内化于当地的红白喜事、节日庆典与竞技交流等活动中,并对当地狮舞文化的起源与继承等话题进行了本土化叙事与文化阐释,体现出大小传统之间的交融性与混杂性;徐家寨高台狮子灯艺术可视为一种身体技术的操练与“身体遗产”的展演,在当地社会有着较强的教化作用。Lion dance is a“comprehensive art”that reflects the“general”characteristics of a specific culture and can be regarded as a“physical heritage”of the“interaction between etiquette and customs”in traditional Chinese society.The cultural backgrounds and performance ways of lion dance vary in different regions,but they all have undergone corresponding“localization”of the traditional mainstream narrative allusions.Through the operation of a series of physical techniques,ritual activities and symbols,they strengthen the collective memory and self-identity of their own nation or community,and become a ritualistic dance for people to exorcise evil spirits,unite communities,pray for blessings,and amuse people and gods as well.The lion dance on high stools in Xujiazhai village,Yinjiang County,Guizhou Province,integrates the local dance,martial arts,acrobatics,drum music,nuo opera,witchcraft,as well as Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,reflecting the inseparable relationship between“dance,martial arts,and music”.It internalizes lion dance culture in local activities,such as wedding and funeral,festivals,and competitive activities,and provides localized narrative and cultural interpretation of the origin and inheritance of local lion dance culture,reflecting the blending and hybridity between great and little traditions.The lion dance on high stools in Xujiazhai village can be viewed as a practice of physical skills and an exhibition of“physical heritage”,demonstrating a strong effect of cultural teaching on the local society.

关 键 词：高台狮子灯 田野民族志 总体性 大小传统 身体技术 身体遗产 

分 类 号：J722.215[艺术—舞蹈]