产业政策如何影响工业用地的出让和经济效率  

How Industrial Policy Affects the Industrial Land Transfer and the Economic Efficiency

作　　者：卢圣华 汪晖[2] LU Sheng-hua;WANG Hui(The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong 999077;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学法律学院,中国香港999077 [2]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《当代财经》2023年第11期121-132,共12页Contemporary Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“城乡统一建设用地市场构建及利益分配机制研究”(15ZDA024)。

摘　　要：作为政府推动产业发展和产业结构优化的重要手段,探究产业政策如何影响资源分配和资源配置效率具有重要意义。在理论分析的基础上,本文利用由工业用地微观交易数据、五年规划中重点产业信息、夜间灯光数据,以及工业企业数据库匹配而成的数据库,探究了产业政策对地方政府工业用地出让行为的影响,并考察了产业政策导向的土地出让对工业用地经济效率的影响。基于地理空间匹配的估计表明,处于重点产业的企业的拿地价格显著低于处于非重点产业的企业,且地块面积显著更大。相比于中央重点产业,地方重点产业的影响更大。非市场化出让方式是地方政府对重点产业实现土地要素倾斜的重要但并非唯一途径。基于夜间灯光数据和全要素生产率的配置效率分析表明,产业政策能在一定程度上提高工业用地的经济产出和资源配置效率,但并不能从根本上解决我国工业用地资源错配的现象。以上结论为理解要素市场化配置改革进程中产业政策的有效性和局限性提供了现实依据。As an important means for the government to promote industrial development and optimize industrial structure,exploring how industrial policies affect resource allocation and resource allocation efficiency is of great significance.On the basis of theoretical analysis,this article makes use of a database composed of the micro transaction data of industrial land,the key industry information in the five-year plan,the nighttime lighting data,and the industrial enterprise databases to explore the impact of industrial policies on local government industrial land transfer behavior.It also examines the impact of industrial policy oriented land transfer on the economic efficiency of industrial land.The estimation based on geographical spatial matching indicates that the land acquisition prices of enterprises in key industries are significantly lower than those in non key industries,and the land area is significantly larger.Compared to the central key industries,the local key industries are subject to a greater impact.The non market-oriented method of transfer is an important but not the only way for local governments to achieve land factor tilt in key industries.The analysis of allocation efficiency based on the nighttime lighting data and the total factor productivity shows that industrial policies can improve the economic output and resource allocation efficiency of industrial land to a certain extent,but they can not fundamentally solve the problem of industrial land resource mismatch in China.The above conclusions provide a practical basis for understanding the effectiveness and limitations of the industrial policies in the process of market-oriented allocation reform of factors.

关 键 词：重点产业 五年规划 资源配置效率 夜间灯光数据 因果推断 

分 类 号：F424.1[经济管理—产业经济]