新旧之间:卫西琴在民初思想界的浮沉  

Between Modern and Tradition: Wei Xiqin’s Ups and Downs in the ThoughtCircle in the Early Years of the Republican China

作　　者：邱念洪 Qiu Nianhong

机构地区：[1]香港岭南大学历史系,中国

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2023年第2期247-263,310,共18页Journal of Modern Chinese History

摘　　要：1914年德国人卫西琴因《中国教育议》在中国发表,借助译者严复的名声,一时瞩目于中国思想界。他的“新教育”理念既包含了欧洲最新的教育学和心理学成果,又包含了各种尊孔的言论。数年间,卫西琴受邀到各处演讲,受到了思想界持续的关注。事实上,卫西琴的“新教育”自成一派,并不能回应时人所热衷的“教育救国”理想,他的尊孔言论与中国传统知识分子所理解的儒学也不一致。随着新文化的崛起,卫西琴的尊孔言论又被当作守旧余孽受到了新派的批判。民初思想界中无论是主张恢复传统以挽救人心的人士,抑或是主张学习西方进行教育改革的人士都能在卫西琴的言论中找到可资利用的内容,原因在于时人对于何谓新文化、何谓旧文化并没有一个明确的标准,所谓的新旧之争有时并不取决于观点的不同,而是取决于立场的不同。In 1914,because of the publication of“Zhongguo Jiaoyu Yi”,German Wei Xiqin,with the help of the translator Yan Fu’s reputation,attracted the attention of the Chinese ideological circle for a time.His concept of“new education”not only contains the latest achievements in pedagogy and psychology in Europe,but also contains various views on Confucius.Over the years,Wei Xiqin has been invited to give speeches everywhere,and has received continuous attention from the ideological circle.In fact,Wei Xiqin’s“new education”is a school of its own,which can not respond to the ideal of“saving the country through education”that people are keen on at that time.His speech of respecting Confucius is also inconsistent with Confucianism understood by traditional Chinese intellectuals.With the rise of the new culture,Wei Xiqin’s speech of respecting Confucius was criticized by the new school as an old guard.In the early Republic of China,no matter those who advocated restoring tradition to save people’s hearts or those who advocated learning from the West to carry out educational reform,they could find useful content in Wei Xiqin’s remarks.The reason is that people at that time did not have a clear standard for what is a new culture and what is an old culture.Sometimes the so-called new old debate does not depend on different views,but depends on different positions.

关 键 词：卫西琴 新教育 严复 尊孔 新旧之争 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]