自杀权、安乐死与医助自杀的伦理辩护  

Ethical Defense for the Right of Suicide,Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

作　　者：申喆良 Shen Zheliang

机构地区：[1]南开大学 [2]格拉斯哥大学

出　　处：《法律与伦理》2023年第1期66-83,336,共19页Law and Ethics

基　　金：中国国家留学基金委高水平大学国家公派研究生项目(CSC)(项目编号:202106200041)资助。

摘　　要：自杀权、安乐死与医助自杀的内在逻辑联系在于,自杀权是权利基础,安乐死、医助自杀是权利落实途径。三者涉及的伦理之争相互联系而又有区别,阻碍了实践中上述权利的正当化与落实。本文从自杀权的辩护开始,以自杀权的合理性为基础,进一步为安乐死或医助自杀的合理性做辩护。安乐死或医助自杀是建立在自杀权的基础上的,而自杀权是建立在人对自己生命的所有权和处置的自主性上的,这也是人按照自己的意愿处置自己生命的尊严所在。安乐死或医助自杀的意义为那些确实需要实现自杀权利者开辟了一条兼顾自杀权与尊严死的道路。他们可以按照自己的意愿简便、自主、无痛苦、有尊严地放弃生命,不再需要为此承受常规自杀手段的痛苦,也不再需要为此承担遭到欺骗和“无尊严死”的风险。自杀权、安乐死与医助自杀的伦理辩护有助于为三者提供法理基础,把控实践中的发展方向并为规避各种问题提供指引。Implicit logic among right to suicide,euthanasia and physicianassisted suicide is that,right to suicide is fundament of right,and euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is approach in practice.Ethical debates involved by them are related but differentiated,putting obstacle on justification and achievement of above-mentioned rights in practice.Beginning with a defense for the right to suicide and based on its justification,this paper makes a defense for euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide.The fundament of the later is the former which bases itself on the ownership of life and autonomy of disposal of life,which is also the presence of dignity of life.The meaning of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is an exploit of a way to maintain both the right to suicide and the dignity of death for those who pursue it.Specifically,they could dispose their own life on their purpose simply and autonomically,without plague and with dignity.In this way,they will no longer have to suffer from either pain in the process of ordinary suicide or risk of being cheated and death without dignity.Ethical defense could provide theoretical fundament of legitimate to the right of suicide,euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide,and provide guidance to controls on developmental orientation and avoidance of various troubles in practice.

关 键 词：自杀权 安乐死 医助自杀 尊严 自主性 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]